Back يومينس Arabic يومينس ARZ Евмен от Кардия Bulgarian Eumen BS Èumenes de Càrdia Catalan Eumenés z Kardie Czech Eumenes von Kardia German Ευμένης ο Καρδιανός Greek Eŭmeno Esperanto Éumenes de Cardia Spanish
Eumenes of Cardia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Εὐμένης |
| Born | 361 BC[2] Cardia (near the Gulf of Saros, Turkey) |
| Died | winter of 316-315 BC (aged 45)[3] Gabiene, Persia (modern-day Iran) |
| Cause of death | Strangulation (Execution) |
| Allegiance | Macedonian Empire Argead Dynasty |
| Rank | Personal secretary General Satrap of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia |
| Battles/wars | Wars of Alexander the Great First Diadochi War Battle of the Hellespont Battle of Orkynia Second Diadochi War Battle of Paraitakene Battle of Gabiene  |
| Spouse(s) | Artonis, daughter of Achaemenid satrap Artabazus II |
Eumenes (/juːˈmɛniːz/; Greek: Εὐμένης; fl. 361–315 BC) was a Greek general, satrap, and Successor of Alexander the Great. He participated in the Wars of Alexander the Great, serving as Alexander's personal secretary and later on as a battlefield commander. Eumenes depicted himself as a lifelong loyalist of Alexander's dynasty and championed the cause of the Macedonian Argead royal house.[4]
In the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death, Eumenes initially supported the regent Perdiccas in the First Diadochi War, and later the Argead royalty in the Second Diadochi War. Despite less experience as a commander, Eumenes defeated Craterus, one of Alexander's most accomplished generals, at the Battle of the Hellespont in 321 BC. After Perdiccas' murder in 320 BC Eumenes became a public enemy of the new Post-Alexander regime under Antipater and Antigonus. In 319 BC he was defeated by Antigonus at the Battle of Orkynia and confined to Nora, but eventually left.
Eumenes then allied with Polyperchon and Olympias, Alexander's mother, against Cassander. From 318 BC onward he led a hard-fought campaign against Antigonus, defeating him at the Battle of Paraitakene, then being indecisively defeated later at the Battle of Gabiene. Afterward, Eumenes was betrayed by his soldiers (the Silver Shields) and given over to Antigonus. Antigonus executed him in the winter of 316–315 BC.
The Greek biographer and essayist Plutarch chose Eumenes as the focus of one of his biographies in Parallel Lives, where he was paired with Quintus Sertorius, the rebel Roman general who led a revolt against Rome in the 70s BC.
- ^ https://www.academia.edu/40812159 p.1 asserts they were struck in 317-316 BC, before the battles of Paraitakene and Gabiene in 315.
- ^ Anson 2015, p. 41.
- ^ Heckel 2006, p. 120; Anson 2015, p. 41; Nep., 13.1.