European Union Customs Union | |
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![]() Non-EU states which participate in the customs union, or are in bilateral customs unions with the EU | |
Type | Customs union |
Membership | 27 EU member states 5 states/territories with bilateral agreements |
Establishment | 1968[1] |
Area | |
• Total | 4,950,000 km2 (1,910,000 sq mi) |
Population | |
• 2021 estimate | ![]() |
GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
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The European Union Customs Union (EUCU), formally known as the Community Customs Union, is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union (EU), Monaco, and the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Some detached territories of EU states do not participate in the customs union, usually as a result of their geographic separation.[a] In addition to the EUCU, the EU is in customs unions with Andorra, San Marino and Turkey (with the exceptions of certain goods),[b] through separate bilateral agreements.[2]
There are no tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade between the members of the customs union and – unlike a free-trade area – members of the customs union impose a common external tariff on all goods entering the union.[3]
The European Commission negotiates for and on behalf of the Union as a whole in international trade deals, rather than each member state negotiating individually. It also represents the Union in the World Trade Organization and any trade disputes mediated through it.
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