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Function | Orbital launch vehicle |
---|---|
Manufacturer | SpaceX |
Country of origin | United States |
Cost per launch | US$67 million (2022)[1] |
Size | |
Height | |
Diameter | 3.7 m (12 ft)[2] |
Mass | |
Stages | 2 |
Capacity | |
Payload to low Earth orbit (LEO) | |
Orbital inclination | 28.5° |
Mass | |
Payload to Geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) | |
Orbital inclination | 27.0° |
Mass | |
Payload to Mars transfer orbit | |
Mass | FT: 4,020 kg (8,860 lb)[1] |
Associated rockets | |
Derivative work | Falcon Heavy |
Launch history | |
Status |
|
Launch sites |
|
Total launches |
|
Success(es) |
|
Failure(s) | 1 (v1.1: CRS-7 in-flight) |
Partial failure(s) | 1 (v1.0: CRS-1)[8] |
Notable outcome(s) | 1 (FT: AMOS-6 pre-flight destruction) |
Landings | 307 / 316 attempts |
First flight |
|
Last flight |
|
First stage | |
Powered by | |
Maximum thrust | |
Specific impulse | |
Burn time | |
Propellant | LOX / RP-1 |
Second stage | |
Powered by |
|
Maximum thrust | |
Specific impulse | |
Burn time | |
Propellant | LOX / RP-1 |
Falcon 9 is a partially reusable medium-lift launch vehicle that can carry cargo and crew into Earth orbit,[A] designed, manufactured and launched by American aerospace company SpaceX. It can also be used as an expendable heavy-lift launch vehicle.[B] The first Falcon 9 launch was on 4 June 2010. The first Falcon 9 commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched on 8 October 2012.[17] In 2020 it became the first commercial rocket to launch humans to orbit.[18] In 2022, it became the U.S. rocket with the most launches in history and with the best safety record, having suffered just one flight failure.[19]
The rocket has two stages. The first (booster) stage carries the second stage and payload to a pre-determined speed and altitude, after which the second stage accelerates the payload to its target orbit. The booster is capable of landing vertically to facilitate reuse. This feat was first achieved on flight 20 in December 2015. As of 24 June 2024, SpaceX has successfully landed Falcon 9 boosters 307 times.[C] Individual boosters have flown as many as 21 flights.[20] Both stages are powered by SpaceX Merlin engines,[D] using cryogenic liquid oxygen and rocket-grade kerosene (RP-1) as propellants.[21][22]
The heaviest payloads flown to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) were Intelsat 35e carrying 6,761 kg (14,905 lb), and Telstar 19V with 7,075 kg (15,598 lb). The former was launched into an advantageous super-synchronous transfer orbit,[23] while the latter went into a lower-energy GTO, with an apogee well below the geostationary altitude.[24] On 24 January 2021, Falcon 9 set a record for the most satellites launched by a single rocket, carrying 143 into orbit.[25]
Falcon 9 is human-rated for transporting NASA astronauts to the ISS. Falcon 9 is certified for the National Security Space Launch[26] program and NASA Launch Services Program as "Category 3", which can launch the most expensive, important, and complex NASA missions.[27]
Several versions of Falcon 9 have been built and flown: v1.0 flew from 2010 to 2013, v1.1 flew from 2013 to 2016, while v1.2 Full Thrust first launched in 2015, encompassing the Block 5 variant, which has been in operation since May 2018.
spacex-capabilities
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).falcon9-2015
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Orbcomm requested that SpaceX carry one of their small satellites (weighing a few hundred pounds, versus Dragon at over 12,000 pounds)... The higher the orbit, the more test data [Orbcomm] can gather, so they requested that we attempt to restart and raise altitude. NASA agreed to allow that, but only on condition that there be substantial propellant reserves, since the orbit would be close to the International Space Station. It is important to appreciate that Orbcomm understood from the beginning that the orbit-raising maneuver was tentative. They accepted that there was a high risk of their satellite remaining at the Dragon insertion orbit...
The launch also marked the first flight of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust, internally known only as the "Upgraded Falcon 9"
MSDB
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).SpaceX March 10, 2009
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).A second burn, lasting nearly a minute, started 28 minutes after liftoff to accelerate DART to a speed of more than 24,000 mph (39,000 kilometers per hour), placing DART on a trajectory to escape the trip of Earth's gravity.
initial orbit: heliocentric
07/22/18 Falcon 9 v1.2 F9-59 Telstar 19V 7.075 CC 40 GTO-
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