First Battle of Newtonia

First Battle of Newtonia
Part of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
Stone wall near the Ritchey House. Fighting occurred close to this area during the battle.
Date September 30, 1862 (1862-09-30) Location Newtonia, Missouri 36°53′01″N 94°11′04″W / 36.8836°N 94.1845°W / 36.8836; -94.1845 Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States	Confederate States of America
Commanders and leaders
Frederick Salomon	Douglas H. Cooper Joseph O. Shelby
Units involved
Salomon's brigade	Indian brigade Shelby's Iron Brigade
Strength
c. 4,000 to c. 4,500	c. 5,500
Casualties and losses
245 or over 400	78
Newtonia class=notpageimage| A map of Missouri showing the location of Newtonia

The First Battle of Newtonia was fought on September 30, 1862, between Confederate soldiers commanded by Colonel Douglas H. Cooper and a Union column commanded by Brigadier General Frederick Salomon near Newtonia, Missouri, during the American Civil War. Cooper's force had moved into southwestern Missouri, and encamped near the town of Newtonia. The Confederate column was composed mostly of cavalry led by Colonel Joseph O. Shelby and a brigade of Native Americans. A Union force commanded by Brigadier General James G. Blunt moved to intercept Cooper's force. Blunt's advance force, led by Salomon, reached the vicinity of Newtonia on September 29, and attacked Cooper's position on September 30. A Union probing force commanded by Colonel Edward Lynde was driven out of Newtonia by Cooper's forces on the morning of the 30th.

Both sides brought up further reinforcements, and seesaw fighting took place during much of the afternoon. Shortly before nightfall, Cooper's Confederates made an all-out attack against the Union line; this led Salomon to withdraw from the field. Militia commanded by Colonel George Hall covered the Union retreat, although Confederate artillery fire struck the retreating forces. This panicked some of Salomon's men, and the retreat turned into a disorderly rout. Union casualties are variously reported as either 245 or over 400, and Confederate casualties were 78. Blunt's full division began advancing towards Newtonia in early October, leading Cooper to abandon Missouri. A portion of the battlefield was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 as the First Battle of Newtonia Historic District.