Back الجيل الرابع من لغات البرمجة Arabic Četvrta generacija programskih jezika BS Llenguatge de programació de quarta generació Catalan 4GL German زبان برنامه‌نویسی نسل چهارم Persian Langage de programmation de quatrième génération French מחולל יישומים HE 4GL Italian 第四世代言語 Japanese 4세대 프로그래밍 언어 Korean

Fourth-generation programming language

A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) is a high-level computer programming language that belongs to a class of languages envisioned as an advancement upon third-generation programming languages (3GL). Each of the programming language generations aims to provide a higher level of abstraction of the internal computer hardware details, making the language more programmer-friendly, powerful, and versatile. While the definition of 4GL has changed over time, it can be typified by operating more with large collections of information at once rather than focusing on just bits and bytes. Languages claimed to be 4GL may include support for database management, report generation, mathematical optimization, GUI development, or web development. Some researchers state that 4GLs are a subset of domain-specific languages.[1][2]

The concept of 4GL was developed from the 1970s through the 1990s, overlapping most of the development of 3GL, with 4GLs identified as "non-procedural" or "program-generating" languages, contrasted with 3GLs being algorithmic or procedural languages. While 3GLs like C, C++, C#, Java, and JavaScript remain popular for a wide variety of uses, 4GLs as originally defined found uses focused on databases, reports, and websites.[3] Some advanced 3GLs like Python, Ruby, and Perl combine some 4GL abilities within a general-purpose 3GL environment,[4] and libraries with 4GL-like features have been developed as add-ons for most popular 3GLs, producing languages that are a mix of 3GL and 4GL, blurring the distinction.[5]

In the 1980s and 1990s, there were efforts to develop fifth-generation programming languages (5GL).

  1. ^ 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 1002 Domain-Specific Languages for Software Engineering Archived May 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Arie van Deursen; Paul Klint; Joost Visser (1998). "Domain-Specific witness Languages:An Annotated Bibliography". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  3. ^ MacDonell, Stephen (November 1993). "Software development, CASE tools and 4GLs—A survey of New Zealand usage. Part 1: 750 New Zealand organisations". hdl:10523/928. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "Roger Clarke's Software Generations".
  5. ^ "Definition of fourth-generation language". PCMAG. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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