Back حرية التنقل Arabic Hərəkət azadlığı Azerbaijani Свабода перамяшчэння і выбару месца жыхарства Byelorussian Свобода на движение Bulgarian চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা Bengali/Bangla Svoboda pohybu Czech Personenfreizügigkeit German Libertad de circulación Spanish Liikumisvabadus Estonian Zirkulatzeko askatasun Basque
Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,[1] and to leave the country and return to it. The right includes not only visiting places, but changing the place where the individual resides or works.[1][2]
Such a right is provided in the constitutions of numerous states, and in documents reflecting norms of international law. For example, Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that:
- "Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state."
- "Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country."[3]
Some people and organizations advocate an extension of the freedom of movement to include a freedom of movement – or migration – between the countries as well as within the countries.[4][5] The freedom of movement is restricted in a variety of ways by various governments and may even vary within the territory of a single country.[1] Such restrictions are generally based on public health, order, or safety justifications and postulate that the right to these conditions preempts the notion of freedom of movement.[6]
- ^ a b c Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".
- ^ Kees Groenendijk, Elspeth Guild, and Sergio Carrera, Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU (2013), p. 206: "[F]reedom of movement did not only amount to the right to travel freely, to take up residence and to work, but also involved the enjoyment of a legal status characterised by security of residence, the right to family reunification and the right to be treated equally with nationals".
- ^ "Universal Declaration of Human Rights".
- ^ "Libertarians say: Let the immigrant children in". 8 July 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Why Should We Restrict Immigration?" (PDF). Open Borders. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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