Sir George Reid | |
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![]() Reid in 1915 | |
4th Prime Minister of Australia | |
In office 18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905 | |
Monarch | Edward VII |
Governor‑General | Lord Northcote |
Preceded by | Chris Watson |
Succeeded by | Alfred Deakin |
1st Leader of the Opposition | |
In office 19 May 1901 – 17 August 1904 | |
Prime Minister | Edmund Barton Alfred Deakin Chris Watson |
Preceded by | New position |
Succeeded by | Chris Watson |
In office 7 July 1905 – 16 November 1908 | |
Prime Minister | Alfred Deakin Andrew Fisher |
Preceded by | Chris Watson |
Succeeded by | Joseph Cook |
12th Premier of New South Wales | |
In office 3 August 1894 – 13 September 1899 | |
Monarch | Victoria |
Governor | Sir Robert Duff Lord Hampden |
Preceded by | George Dibbs |
Succeeded by | William Lyne |
Leader of the Free Trade Party[a] | |
In office 18 November 1891 – 16 November 1908 | |
Deputy | William McMillan Dugald Thomson Joseph Cook |
Preceded by | Henry Parkes |
Succeeded by | Joseph Cook |
Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom | |
In office 1 January 1910 – 1 January 1916 | |
Preceded by | New position |
Succeeded by | Andrew Fisher |
Member of the Australian Parliament for East Sydney | |
In office 29 March 1901 – 18 August 1903 | |
Preceded by | Division created |
In office 4 September 1903 – 24 December 1909 | |
Succeeded by | John West |
Member of the New South Wales Parliament for East Sydney | |
In office 14 December 1880 – 3 August 1884 | |
Preceded by | John Davies |
Succeeded by | Sydney Burdekin |
In office 2 March 1887 – 3 August 1894 | |
Preceded by | George Griffiths |
Succeeded by | District abolished |
Member of the New South Wales Parliament for Sydney-King | |
In office 3 August 1894 – 30 March 1901 | |
Preceded by | Constituency created |
Succeeded by | Ernest Broughton |
Member of the House of Commons for St George's, Hanover Square | |
In office 11 January 1916 – 12 September 1918 | |
Preceded by | Sír Alexander Henderson |
Succeeded by | Sir Newton Moore |
Personal details | |
Born | Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland | 25 February 1845
Died | 12 September 1918 London, England | (aged 73)
Resting place | Putney Vale Cemetery 51°26′26″N 0°14′21″W / 51.440426°N 0.239237°W |
Political party | None (before 1887) Free Trade[a] (1887–1909) Liberal (1909–1910) Conservative (UK) |
Spouse | |
Relations | Anne Fairbairn (granddaughter) |
Children | 3 |
Parents |
|
Education | Scotch College |
Profession | Civil servant, barrister, diplomat, politician |
Signature | ![]() |
Sir George Houston Reid GCB GCMG PC KC (25 February 1845 – 12 September 1918) was an Australian and British politician, diplomat and barrister who served as the fourth prime minister of Australia from 1904 to 1905. He held office as the leader of the Free Trade Party, previously serving as the 12th premier of New South Wales from 1894 to 1899,[1] and later as the High Commissioner of Australia to the United Kingdom from 1910 to 1916.
Reid was born in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He and his family immigrated to Australia when he was young. They initially settled in Melbourne, but moved to Sydney when Reid was 13, at which point he left school and began working as a clerk. He later joined the New South Wales civil service, and rose through the ranks to become secretary of the Attorney-General's Department. Reid was also something of a public intellectual, publishing several works in defence of liberalism and free trade. He began studying law in 1876 and was admitted to the bar in 1879. In 1880, he resigned from the civil service to run for parliament, winning election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
From 1883 to 1884, Reid was Minister of Public Instruction in the government of Alexander Stuart. He joined the Free Trade Party of Henry Parkes in 1887, but refused to serve in Parkes' governments due to personal enmity. When Parkes resigned as party leader in 1891, Reid was elected in his place. He became premier after the 1894 election and remained in office for just over five years. Despite never winning majority government, Reid was able to pass a number of domestic reforms concerning the civil service and public finances. He was an advocate of federation and played a part in drafting the Constitution of Australia, where he became known as a strong defender of his colony's interests. In 1901, he was elected to the new Federal Parliament representing the Division of East Sydney.
Reid retained the leadership of the Free Trade and Liberal Association after federation, and consequently became Australia's first Leader of the Opposition. For the first few years, the Protectionist Party governed with the support of the Australian Labor Party. Alfred Deakin's Protectionist minority government collapsed in April 1904, and he was briefly succeeded by Labor's Chris Watson, who proved unable to govern and resigned after four months. As a result, Reid became prime minister in August 1904, heading yet another minority government. He included four Protectionists in his cabinet, but was unable to achieve much before his government was brought down in July 1905. One notable exception was the passage of the landmark Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904, which dealt with industrial relations.
At the 1906 election, Reid secured the most votes in the Australian House of Representatives and the equal-most seats, but was well short of a majority and could not form government. He resigned as party leader in 1908, after opposing the formation of the Commonwealth Liberal Party (a merger with the Protectionists). Reid accepted an appointment as Australia's first High Commissioner to the United Kingdom in 1910, and remained in the position until 1916. He subsequently won election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, serving until his sudden death two years later.
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