 Two different girder bridges. The top is a plate girder bridge, while the bottom is a concrete girder bridge. | |
| Ancestor | Beam bridge |
|---|---|
| Related | Trestle bridge, truss bridge, moon bridge |
| Descendant | Box girder bridge, Plate girder bridge |
| Carries | Pedestrians, automobiles, trucks, light rail, heavy rail |
| Span range | Short, Medium |
| Material | Iron, wood, concrete |
| Movable | No |
| Design effort | low |
| Falsework required | No |
A girder bridge is a bridge that uses girders as the means of supporting its deck.[1] The two most common types of modern steel girder bridges are plate and box.[citation needed]
The term "girder" is often used interchangeably with "beam" in reference to bridge design.[2][3][4][5] However, some authors define beam bridges slightly differently from girder bridges.[6]
A girder may be made of concrete or steel. Many shorter bridges, especially in rural areas where they may be exposed to water overtopping and corrosion, utilize concrete box girder. The term "girder" is typically used to refer to a steel beam. In a beam or girder bridge, the beams themselves are the primary support for the deck, and are responsible for transferring the load down to the foundation. Material type, shape, and weight all affect how much weight a beam can hold. Due to the properties of the second moment of area, the height of a girder is the most significant factor to affect its load capacity. Longer spans, more traffic, or wider spacing of the beams will all directly result in a deeper beam. In truss and arch-style bridges, the girders are still the main support for the deck, but the load is transferred through the truss or arch to the foundation. These designs allow bridges to span larger distances without requiring the depth of the beam to increase beyond what is practical. However, with the inclusion of a truss or arch the bridge is no longer a true girder bridge.
- ^ "Girder Bridge" (PDF). Argentina: National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ Design Technology. "Beam Bridges".
- ^ Nova. "Bridge the Gap", section "Beam Bridge".
- ^ Robert Lamb and Michael Morrissey. "How Bridges Work".
- ^ Ohio Department of Transportation. "Bridge Terms Definitions" Archived 2015-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Leonardo Fernandez Troyano. "Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective". 2003.