Back الغارة الكبرى عام 1840 Arabic Gran Incursió de 1840 Catalan Grand raid comanche de 1840 French Великий рейд (1840) Russian
| Great Raid of 1840 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Indian Wars | |||||||
 Location of Linville and Victoria | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Texians | Comanche | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Mathew Caldwell, Edward Burleson | Buffalo Hump | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Approximately 100 | Unknown; estimates, c. 400 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 20 civilians killed[1] | 35 killed, 29 caught and imprisoned | ||||||
| Great Raid of 1840 | |
|---|---|
| Location | Linnville Calhoun County, Texas[2] |
| Coordinates | 28°40′06″N 96°38′19″W / 28.66833°N 96.63861°W |
| Date | August 7, 1840 (UTC-6) |
Attack type | Raid on a frontier settlement |
| Deaths | 23 either killed or carried away |
| Perpetrators | Comanche |
The Great Raid of 1840 was the largest raid Native Americans ever mounted on white cities in what is now the United States.[3] It followed the Council House Fight, in which Republic of Texas officials attempted to capture and take prisoner 33 Comanche chiefs and their wives, who had earlier promised to deliver 13 white captives they had kidnapped.[4] Because of the small amount this Penateka band of Southern Comanche received for the ransom of nine-year-old James Putnam weeks before, they brought with them only one captive, 16-year-old Matilda Lockhart.[5] [6] Just as they had done to Mexicans and Santa Feans for nearly a century, the Penaketa wanted to ensure they would receive a higher payment before ransoming the other whites they had abducted.[7] This tactic, together with the terrible treatment they had given Lockhart, backfired, and the Indians found themselves taken hostage for a prisoner exchange.[4] An attempt to escape followed by the brandishing of tomahawks the Comanche had secreted between their wives' blankets led to the massacre of all the male Indians except two elderly men, who along with the women were taken hostage.
In response to the killings and hostage-taking, the southern Comanche, led by chief Buffalo Hump, raised a huge war party of many of the bands of the Comanche, and raided deep into white-settled areas of Southeast Texas, stealing horses and taking more white captives.
- ^ Utley, Robert M. (16 May 2002). Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-19-992371-7. "In their drive to the Gulf they had slain twenty citizens, but at Plum Creek they had lost, besides human casualties, all the stock scooped up at Victoria and most of the merchandise taken from the Linnville warehouses."
- ^ Great Raid- TSHA Online |
- ^ The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier. Arthur H. Clarke Co. 1933.
- ^ a b Jodye Lynn Dickson Schilz: Council House Fight from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ^ Dolbeare, Benjamin, and Webster, Dolly. A Narrative of the Captivity and Suffering of Dolly Webster Among the Camanche Indians in Texas: With an Account of the Massacre of John Webster and His Party, as Related by Mrs. Webster. United States, Yale University Library, 1986.
- ^ Maverick, Mary Adams, and Maverick, George Madison. Memoirs of Mary A. Maverick: Arranged by Mary A. Maverick and Her Son Geo. Madison Maverick. United States, Alamo printing Company, 1921.
- ^ Kavanagh, Thomas W. The Comanches: A History, 1706-1875. United States, University of Nebraska Press, 1999.