Grouse Temporal range: Early Miocene to recent
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Male sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Galliformes |
Family: | Phasianidae |
Subfamily: | Phasianinae |
Tribe: | Tetraonini Leach, 1819 |
Genera | |
Pucrasia[note 1] and see text | |
Synonyms | |
Tetraonidae Vigors, 1825 |
Grouse /ɡraʊs/ are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae. Grouse are presently assigned to the tribe Tetraonini (formerly the subfamily Tetraoninae and the family Tetraonidae), a classification supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence studies,[2] and applied by the American Ornithologists' Union,[3] ITIS,[4] International Ornithological Congress,[5] and others.[6][1]
Grouse inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, from pine forests to moorland and mountainside,[7] from 83°N (rock ptarmigan in northern Greenland) to 28°N (Attwater's prairie chicken in Texas).[8]
The turkeys are closely allied with grouse, but they have traditionally been excluded from Tetraonini, often placed in their own tribe, subfamily, or family;[2][8][9][10] certain more modern treatments also exclude them.[11][12] Later phylogenomic analyses demonstrated conclusively that they are sister to the traditionally-defined grouse, and they, along with the somewhat earlier-diverging koklass pheasant, may be treated as grouse (i.e., as basal members of the Tetraonini).[1] This is reflected in some more recent circumscriptions.[6][10]
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