Guru Tegh Bahadur | |
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ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ | |
Personal life | |
Born | Tyag Mal 1 April 1621 |
Died | 11 November 1675 | (aged 54)
Cause of death | Execution by decapitation |
Spouse | Mata Gujri |
Children | Guru Gobind Singh |
Parent(s) | Guru Hargobind and Mata Nanaki |
Known for | |
Other names | Ninth Master Ninth Nanak Srisht-di-Chadar ("Shield of The World") Dharam-di-Chadar ("Shield of Dharma")[5] Hind-di-Chadar ("Shield of India") |
Signature | |
Religious life | |
Religion | Sikhism |
Religious career | |
Period in office | 1664–1675 |
Predecessor | Guru Har Krishan |
Successor | Guru Gobind Singh |
Military service | |
Battles/wars | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars Battle of Kartarpur (1635) Skirmish Of Dhubri (1669) |
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Sikhism |
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Guru Tegh Bahadur (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ (Gurmukhi); Punjabi pronunciation: [gʊɾuː t̯eːɣ bəɦaːd̯ʊɾᵊ]; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675)[6][7] was the ninth of ten gurus who founded the Sikh religion and was the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675. He was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India in 1621 and was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru. Considered a principled and fearless warrior, he was a learned spiritual scholar and a poet whose 115 hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the main text of Sikhism.
Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, in Delhi, India.[3][8][9] Sikh holy premises Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in Delhi mark the places of execution and cremation of Guru Tegh Bahadur.[10] His day of martyrdom (Shaheedi Divas) is commemorated in India every year on 24 November.[11]
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Take for instance, the description of Guru Teg Bahadar as 'Hind di Chadar' in present-day parlance and 'Dharam di Chadar' some 100 years ago. That appears to be a departure from how he was originally described in contemporaneous poetic texts after his execution in 1675. Chandra Sain Sainapati was a court poet of Guru Gobind Singh, the son of Guru Teg Bahadar. In his composition called Sri Gur Sobha, Sainapati described the martyred Guru as 'Srisht ki Chadar', or the protector of humanity. 'Pargat Bhae Gur Teg Bahadar, Sagal Srisht Pe Dhaapi Chadar,' the poet wrote, meaning 'Guru Tegh Bahadar was revealed, and protected the whole creation.'