Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy have been named HMAS Toowoomba, after the city of Toowoomba, Queensland.
- HMAS Toowoomba (J157), a Bathurst-class corvette active between 1941 and 1946, before transferring to other navies
- HMAS Toowoomba (FFH 156), an Anzac-class frigate that entered service in 2005