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| International standard | RFC 9114[1] (HTTP/3 also uses the completed QUIC protocol described in RFC 9000 and related RFCs such as RFC 9001) |
|---|---|
| Developed by | IETF |
| Introduced | June 2022 |
| Website | https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9114.html |
HTTP/3 is the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol used to exchange information on the World Wide Web, complementing the widely-deployed HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2. Unlike previous versions which relied on the well-established TCP (published in 1974),[2] HTTP/3 uses QUIC, a multiplexed transport protocol built on UDP.[3] On 6 June 2022, IETF published HTTP/3 as a Proposed Standard in RFC 9114.[4]
HTTP/3 uses similar semantics compared to earlier revisions of the protocol, including the same request methods, status codes, and message fields, but encodes them and maintains session state differently. However, partially due to the protocol's adoption of QUIC, HTTP/3 has lower latency and loads more quickly in real-world usage when compared with previous versions: in some cases over four times as fast than with HTTP/1.1 (which, for many websites, is the only HTTP version deployed).[5][6]
As of June 2024, HTTP/3 is fully supported by 79% of all web browser installations[7] and 29% of the top 10 million websites.[8] It has been supported by Chromium (and derived projects including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Samsung Internet, and Opera)[9] since April 2020 and by Mozilla Firefox since May 2021.[7][10] Safari 14 implemented the protocol but it remains disabled by default.[11]
- ^ Bishop, Mike; Akamai. "RFC 9114: HTTP/3". rfc-editor. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ Cerf, V.; Dalal, Y.; Sunshine, C. (December 1974). "Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program". IETF: RFC0675. doi:10.17487/rfc0675.
- ^ "What is HTTP/3?". Cloudflare. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "HTTP/3". 6 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ Perna, Gianluca; Trevisan, Martino; Giordano, Danilo; Drago, Idilio (1 April 2022). "A first look at HTTP/3 adoption and performance". Computer Communications. 187: 115–124. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.02.005. hdl:11368/3025202. ISSN 0140-3664. S2CID 246936473.
- ^ "HTTP/3 is Fast". Request Metrics. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
canIusewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Usage of HTTP/3 for websites". World Wide Web Technology Surveys. W3Techs. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Enabling QUIC in tip-of-tree". groups.google.com. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ Damjanovic, Dragana (16 April 2021). "QUIC and HTTP/3 Support now in Firefox Nightly and Beta". Mozilla Hacks – the Web developer blog. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "Safari 14 Release Notes". developer.apple.com. Retrieved 4 December 2020.