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| Component intervals from root | |
|---|---|
| minor seventh | |
| diminished fifth (tritone) | |
| minor third | |
| root | |
| Tuning | |
| 5:6:7:9[1] or 25:30:36:45[2] | |
| Forte no. / | |
| 4-27 / |
In music theory, the half-diminished seventh chord (also known as a half-diminished chord or a minor seventh flat five chord) is a seventh chord composed of a root note, together with a minor third, a diminished fifth, and a minor seventh (1, ♭3, ♭5, ♭7). For example, the half-diminished seventh chord built on B, commonly written as Bm7(♭5), or Bø7, has pitches B-D-F-A:
It can be represented by the integer notation {0, 3, 6, 10}.
The half-diminished seventh chord exists in root position and in three inversions. The first inversion is enharmonic to a minor sixth chord:
In diatonic harmony, the half-diminished seventh chord occurs naturally on the seventh scale degree of any major scale (for example, Bø7 in C major) and is thus a leading-tone seventh chord in the major mode.[3] Similarly, the chord also occurs on the second degree of any natural minor scale (e.g., Dø7 in C minor). It has been described as a "considerable instability".[4]
- ^ Fétis, François-Joseph and Arlin, Mary I. (1994). Esquisse de l'histoire de l'harmonie, p. 139n9. ISBN 9780945193517.
- ^ Shirlaw, Matthew (2012). The Theory of Harmony, p. 86. ISBN 9781451015348.
- ^ Benward & Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, Vol. I, p. 217. ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0.
- ^ Henry, Earl and Rogers, Michael (2004). Tonality and Design in Music Theory, Vol. I, p. 295. ISBN 0130811289.