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Halogen

This article is about the chemical series. For other uses, see Halogen (disambiguation).
Halogens
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
chalcogens ←    → noble gases
IUPAC group number 17
Name by element fluorine group
Trivial name halogens
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
 VIIA
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
 VIIB
↓ Period
2
Image: Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures
Fluorine (F)
9 Halogen
3
Image: Chlorine gas
Chlorine (Cl)
17 Halogen
4
Image: Liquid bromine
Bromine (Br)
35 Halogen
5
Image: Iodine crystal
Iodine (I)
53 Halogen
6 Astatine (At)
85 Halogen
7 Tennessine (Ts)
117 Halogen

Legend

primordial element
element from decay
Synthetic

The halogens (/ˈhælədʒən, ˈheɪ-, -loʊ-, -ˌdʒɛn/[1][2][3]) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors[4] would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to be more like that of gallium. In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.[5]

The word "halogen" means "salt former" or "salt maker". When halogens react with metals, they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common table salt), silver bromide and potassium iodide.[6]

The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state.[n 1] All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from minerals or salts. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic.

  1. ^ Jones, Daniel (2017) [1917]. Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8.
  2. ^ "Halogen". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  3. ^ "Halogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  4. ^ Fricke, Burkhard [2007.12.??] Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties PDF | "Element 117" | www.researchgate.net | Retrieved - 2023.08.13 (20:58:??) -- yyyy.mm.dd (hh:mm:ss)
  5. ^ Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée, ed. (2005). Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-85404-438-2.
  6. ^ "Chemical properties of the halogens - Group 17 - the halogens - Edexcel - GCSE Combined Science Revision - Edexcel". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2022-03-21.


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