Harbin
哈尔滨市 Ha'erbin, Haerhpin | |
---|---|
Hongjun Boulevard Flood control monument Central Avenue Songpu Bridge | |
Nicknames: Ice City, Oriental Paris, Oriental Moscow, The pearl on the swan's neck | |
![]() | |
![]() Location of Harbin City (yellow) in Heilongjiang (light grey) | |
Coordinates (Heilongjiang Provincial Museum): 45°45′27″N 126°38′27″E / 45.7576°N 126.6409°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Heilongjiang |
County-level divisions | 18 divisions,[1] including 9 urban districts, 2 County-level cities and 7 counties |
Settled | before 1115 |
Incorporated - Town | 1898 |
- County | 1905-10-31 |
- Municipality | 1921-02-05 |
Municipal seat | Songbei District |
Government | |
• Type | Sub-provincial city |
• Body | Harbin Municipal People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Wang Zhaoli |
• Congress Chairman | Zhao Ming |
• Mayor | Sun Zhe |
• CPPCC Chairman | Qin Enting |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 53,068 km2 (20,490 sq mi) |
• Urban | 2,454.5 km2 (947.7 sq mi) |
• Metro | 10,204.8 km2 (3,940.1 sq mi) |
Elevation | 150 m (488 ft) |
Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 10,009,854 |
• Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
• Urban | 6,976,136 |
• Urban density | 2,800/km2 (7,400/sq mi) |
• Metro | 5,841,929 |
• Metro density | 570/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) | Harbinite, Harbinese |
GDP | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | CN¥ 575.1 billion US$ 92.3 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 59,027 US$ 9,477 |
Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 150000 |
Area code | 451 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-HL-01 |
License plate prefixes | 黑A, 黑L |
Climate | Dwa |
City flowers | Lilac |
Website | Harbin Official Website |
Harbin | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | |||||||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 哈尔滨 | ||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 哈爾濱 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Hā'ěrbīn | ||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | (Manchu) "Place of drying fishnets" or (Jurchen language) "Swan" | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||
Manchu script | ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ | ||||||||||||||||||
Romanization | Harbin | ||||||||||||||||||
Russian name | |||||||||||||||||||
Russian | |||||||||||||||||||
Romanization | Kharbin |
Harbin[a] is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.[6] It is the largest city of Heilongjiang, as well as being the city with the second-largest urban population (after Shenyang, Liaoning province) and largest metropolitan population (urban and rural regions together) in Northeast China.[7] Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties, and is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2020 census. The built-up area of Harbin (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,841,929 inhabitants, while the total metropolitan population was up to 10,009,854, making it one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world.
Harbin, have some different meanings have been ascribed to the name. The city government says the name means "swan" in the Jurchen language,[8] and other sources says that it means a Manchu word meaning "a place for drying fishing nets",[9][10] grew from a small rural fishing village on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Russian-built Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a settlement inhabited by an overwhelming majority of immigrants from the Russian Empire.[11] In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai.[12] From 1932 until 1945, Harbin was the largest city in the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.
Known for its bitterly cold winters, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City (冰城) for its winter tourism and recreations.[13] Harbin is notable for its ice sculpture festival in the winter.[14] Being well known for its historical Russian legacy and architecture, the city is famed for its European influence[15] and serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today.[16] Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.[9] The city was voted "China Top Tourist City" by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004.[9]
Harbin is one of the top 65 cities and metropolitan areas in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index.[17] The city hosts several major universities in Northeast China, including Harbin Engineering, Harbin Medical, Northeast Agricultural, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin Normal, Northeast Forestry, and Heilongjiang.[18] Notably, Harbin Institute of Technology is consistently ranked as one of the best universities in the world for engineering.[19]
Polishstudy
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page).