Back হার্ড ফ্ল্যাসিড সিন্ড্রোম Bengali/Bangla Sindrome del pene flaccido duro Italian 弛緩時硬陰茎症候群 Japanese I-Hard flaccid syndrome Zulu
| Hard flaccid syndrome | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A penis in the "hard flaccid" state | |
| Specialty | Urology, sexual medicine, neurology, men's health |
| Symptoms | A flaccid penis that remains in a firm, semi-rigid state in the absence of sexual arousal |
| Usual onset | Typically following a traumatic event (an injury to the erect penis, blunt perineal trauma, cauda equina) though can also appear without an apparent cause |
| Causes | Excessive sympathetic activity in the erectile smooth muscle tissue |
| Risk factors | Aggressive or prolonged masturbation, rough or prolonged intercourse, practicing penis enlargement techniques, high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction, bicycle riding, horseback riding, annular tears, tarlov cysts; other risk factors currently unknown |
| Diagnostic method | Overwhelmingly self-diagnosed |
| Treatment | Definitive treatment does not currently exist |
Hard flaccid syndrome (HFS), also known as hard flaccid (HF), is a rare, chronic condition characterized by a flaccid penis that remains in a firm, semi-rigid state in the absence of sexual arousal. Patients describe their flaccid penises as being firm to the touch, rubbery, shrunken, and retracted. This may be accompanied by pain, discomfort, and a range of additional symptoms.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Though the exact cause is poorly understood, current research suggests that HFS is the result of excessive sympathetic activity in the smooth muscle tissue of the penis that is induced by a pathological activation of a theorized pelvic/pudendal-hypogastric reflex.[1] This reflex is thought to be triggered by an injury to the erect penis, blunt trauma to the perineum, and cauda equina, among others.[1] An emerging theory suggests that the real explanation for HFS is sympathetic nerve sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following a peripheral nerve injury.[8][9] The majority of patients are in their 20s–30s and symptoms significantly affect one's quality of life.[1][2][4][3][5] Treatment usually involves a multi-modal approach utilizing a combination of alpha blockers, PDE5 inhibitors, and specialized pelvic floor physical therapy though there is not much evidence to support their efficacy and most patients reportedly do not benefit from currently available treatment options.[6][7] Due to limited awareness and understanding of the condition within the scientific and medical communities, definitive treatment for HFS does not exist.
- ^ a b c d "Hard Flaccid Syndrome Proposed to Be Secondary to Pathological Activation of a Pelvic/Pudendal-Hypogastric Reflex - American Urological Association". auanews.net. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
- ^ a b Abdessater, Maher; Kanbar, Anthony; Akakpo, William; Beley, Sebastien (2020). "Hard flaccid syndrome: state of current knowledge". Basic and Clinical Andrology. 30: 7. doi:10.1186/s12610-020-00105-5. ISSN 2051-4190. PMC 7271516. PMID 32518654.
- ^ a b Gül, M.; Serefoglu, E.C. (2019-05-01). "PO-01-037 Hard Flaccid: Is It a New Syndrome?". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 16 (Supplement_2): S58. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.194. ISSN 1743-6109.
- ^ a b Gul, Murat; Towe, Maxwell; Yafi, Faysal A.; Serefoglu, Ege Can (March 2020). "Hard flaccid syndrome: initial report of four cases". International Journal of Impotence Research. 32 (2): 176–179. doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0133-z. ISSN 1476-5489. PMID 30890780.
- ^ a b Gul, Murat; Huynh, Linda M.; El-Khatib, Farouk M.; Yafi, Faysal A.; Serefoglu, Ege Can (September 2020). "A qualitative analysis of Internet forum discussions on hard flaccid syndrome". International Journal of Impotence Research. 32 (5): 503–509. doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0151-x. ISSN 1476-5489. PMID 31175339.
- ^ a b Gryzinski, Gustavo; Hammad, Muhammed Moukhtar; Alzweri, Laith; Azad, Babak; Barham, David; Lumbiganon, Supanut; Serefoglu, Ege Can; Yafi, Faysal (2024-06-19). "Hard-Flaccid syndrome: a survey of sexual medicine practitioners' knowledge and experience". International Journal of Impotence Research: 1–2. doi:10.1038/s41443-024-00917-3. ISSN 1476-5489. PMID 38898174.
- ^ a b Niedenfuehr, Jenny; Stevens, David M. (2024-02-28). "Hard flaccid syndrome symptoms, comorbidities, and self-reported efficacy and satisfaction of treatments: a cross-sectional survey". International Journal of Impotence Research. doi:10.1038/s41443-024-00853-2. ISSN 1476-5489. PMID 38418867.
- ^ UroChannel (2024-06-22). DON'T JELQ before you've watched THIS! | UroChannel. Retrieved 2024-08-09 – via YouTube.
- ^ Chung, K.; Lee, B. H.; Yoon, Y. W.; Chung, J. M. (1996-12-09). "Sympathetic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia of the injured peripheral nerve in a rat neuropathic pain model". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 376 (2): 241–252. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19961209)376:2<241::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-3. ISSN 0021-9967. PMID 8951640.