Back انتفاضة الهزارة 1888 – 1893 Arabic قیامهای مردم هزاره ۱۸۸۸–۱۸۹۳ Persian Hazarernas resning Swedish
| Hazara genocide | |
|---|---|
| Location | Hazarajat, Afghanistan |
| Date | 1888–1893 |
| Target | Hazaras |
Attack type | ethnic cleansing, genocide |
| Deaths | 66,000 to 79,200 Hazara families[N 1] |
| Victims | Over 60% of the Hazara population of Hazarajat were killed and some displaced.[3] |
| Perpetrators | Afghan army under Abdur Rahman joined by Sunni volunteers from various tribes |
| Motive | Anti-Shi'ism, and Colonization[1] |
The Hazara genocide occurred in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Afghan War when the Afghanistan Emirate signed the Treaty of Gandamak. Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman set out to bring the Turkistan, Hazaristan, and Kafiristan regions under his control. He launched several campaigns in the Hazarajat due to resistance to oppression from the Hazaras, culminating in the Battle of Uruzgan and he conducted a widespread genocidal campaign against its population.[4]
The Hazaras are a Shia Muslim minority in predominantly Sunni Muslim countries. This religious difference has contributed to their historic marginalization and made them targets of sectarian violence. Over 60 percent of the total Hazara population was massacred with some being displaced and exiled by migrating to Quetta (Pakistan) and Mashhad (Iran) and other adjoining areas. The Hazara land was distributed among loyalist villagers of nearby non-Hazaras.[5][6][7] The repression after the uprising has been called the most significant case of genocide or ethnic cleansing in the history of modern Afghanistan.[1][8][3][9][5][10][11]
- ^ a b c Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (2017). The Hazaras and the Afghan State Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849049818.
- ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Afghanistan : Hazaras". Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b Hakimi, Mehdi J. (25 July 2023). "The Afghan State and the Hazara Genocide". Harvard Human Rights Journal. 37. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "THE AMEER CAPTURES URZAGHAN". The New York Times. 2 October 1892. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ a b دلجو, عباس (2014). تاریخ باستانی هزارهها. کابل: انتشارات امیری. ISBN 978-9936801509.
- ^ کاتب, فیضمحمد (1913). سراجالتواریخ. کابل: مطبعه دارالسلطنته.
- ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- ^ Zamani, Ezzatullah (September 2019). "The 'Genocide of the Hazaras' in Afghanistan from 1884 to 1905 and subsequent genocidal campaigns and target killings against them in the 21st century".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (1 October 2017). The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84904-981-8.
- ^ Zamani, Ezzatullah (1 January 2019). "The 'Genocide of the Hazaras' in Afghanistan from 1884 to 1905 and subsequent genocidal campaigns and target killings against them in the 21st century". Genocide of the Hazaras of Afghanistan.
- ^ Mohammadi, Ishaq (6 May 2022). "Hazara Genocide in Afghanistan (1892-1901)". Bolaq. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
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