"Hebrew labor" (Hebrew: עבודה עברית, Avoda Ivrit) and "conquest of labor" (Kibbush haAvoda) are two related terms and concepts. One of them refers to the ideal adopted by some Jews in Ottoman and Mandate Palestine during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and later embraced by Zionism to favour hiring Jewish rather than non-Jewish workers. Another one is the slogan for the Jews to embrace productive (industrial and agricultural) labor rather than being engaged only in trades and professions.[1][2]