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In mathematics, economics, and social choice theory, the highest averages method, also called the divisor method,[1] is an apportionment algorithm best-known for its use in proportional representation. Divisor algorithms seek to fairly divide a legislature between several groups, such as political parties or states.[1][2]
Divisor methods aim to treat voters equally by ensuring every legislator represents an equal number of voters, as nearly as possible.[3]: 30 The algorithm works by dividing every party's vote total by an electoral divisor (or quota) to calculate the ideal number of seats for each party, then rounding the given apportionment. If the total number of seats after rounding does not match the required number of seats in the house, the quota is adjusted either up or down until the correct number of seats is apportioned.[1]
- ^ a b c Pukelsheim, Friedrich (2017), Pukelsheim, Friedrich (ed.), "Divisor Methods of Apportionment: Divide and Round", Proportional Representation: Apportionment Methods and Their Applications, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–93, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64707-4_4, ISBN 978-3-319-64707-4, retrieved 2021-09-01
- ^ Pukelsheim, Friedrich (2017), "From Reals to Integers: Rounding Functions, Rounding Rules", Proportional Representation: Apportionment Methods and Their Applications, Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–93, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64707-4_4, ISBN 978-3-319-64707-4, retrieved 2021-09-01
- ^ Balinski, Michel L.; Young, H. Peyton (1982). Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02724-9.