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The history of Lille dates back to the 11th century when Baudouin V of Flanders endowed the recently founded collegiate church of Saint-Pierre with a charter in 1066.
The city, capital of the Burgundian region, enjoyed a period of great influence and prosperity in the 15th century. Attached to the kingdom of France after Louis XIV's conquest in 1667, and enlarged by Vauban, the town suffocated in the mid-nineteenth century within its two-century-old ramparts, unsuited to the development of the large textile industry. In 1858, Napoleon III decided to annex the neighboring communes and extend the city walls. The two world wars were particularly painful ordeals. The Trente Glorieuses were a period of deindustrialization and reconversion to tertiary activities. The city's historic heritage, which had been neglected until the 1960s, was enhanced at the end of the 20th century.