Back تاریخ یهودیان در پاکستان Persian יהדות פקיסטן HE Pakistan'daki Yahudilerin tarihi Turkish پاکستان میں یہودیت Urdu
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The history of the Jews in Pakistan goes back to 1839 when Pakistan was part of British India.[1][2] Various estimates suggest that there were about 50,000 to 60,000 Jews living in Karachi at the beginning of the 20th century, mostly comprising Iranian Jews and Bene Israel (Indian Jews);[3][4][5] a substantial Jewish community lived in Rawalpindi,[1] and a smaller community also lived in Peshawar.
The Partition of British India along religious lines in August 1947 led to the establishment of two independent sovereign states: a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan. Following this event, Pakistani Jews began to leave the new country for India, Canada and the United States before their persecution heightened in Pakistan after the establishment of Israel in 1948, which ultimately led to their exodus from the country; today, Pakistan-origin Jews are predominantly found in the Israeli city of Ramla (see Pakistani Jews in Israel), while the Pakistani government claims to host a modest Jewish population. According to Pakistan's National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), there are 745 registered Jewish families in the country.[6] However, the accuracy and transparency of the NDRA's database has been challenged;[7] Liel Leibovitz, an Israeli journalist, has doubted the correctness of the official numbers.[8]
It has been widely reported in Pakistani media that a man known as Fishel Benkhald, who preserves the last standing Jewish cemetery in Karachi, has claimed to be last Jew in Pakistan.[9][10] However, Benkhald's identity has been challenged by his brothers, who claim to be Muslims,[11][12] and he has been targeted and attacked in the country due to his activism for religious minorities in Pakistan. However, his Jewishness was formally recognized by the Pakistani government in 2017 after numerous appeals.[13]
- ^ a b Tahir, Saif (23 February 2016). "The lost Jewish history of Rawalpindi". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
- ^ Weil, Shalva. 2010 'Pakistan'; in Norman A. Stillman (ed.) Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, Leiden:Brill.
- ^ Weil, Shalva. 'The Jews of Pakistan', in M.Avrum Erlich (ed.) Encyclopaedia of the Jewish Diaspora, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC CLIO. 2008, (3: 1228–1230).
- ^ "The Jewish Community of Pakistan". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ Weil, Shalva. "Jews of India" in Raphael Patai and Haya Bar Itzhak (eds.) Jewish Folklore and Traditions: A Multicultural Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2013, (1: 255–258).
- ^ Hussain, Danish (27 March 2017). "Man of interfaith parents wins right to religion of choice". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ [Pakistan's experience with identity management, M Ilyas Khan, BBC News,8 June 2012]
- ^ Leibovitz, Liel (4 April 2013). "Where Are Pakistan's Jews Hiding?". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ "'Last Jew in Pakistan' beaten by mob, arrested". The Express Tribune. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ "A passage to Pakistan". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ Amanda Borschel-Dan. "Denounced by his brothers, Pakistani Jew says he's being thrown to an 'apostate lynch mob'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ Frazer, Jenni (4 April 2017). "Brother of Pakistan's only registered Jew claims he is Muslim". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ Pakistan’s ‘last Jew’ finally recognised by the government, Hindustan Times, MAR 27, 2017last jew