Back القوات البرية الإندونيسية Arabic Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat BAN نیروی زمینی اندونزی Persian Armée de terre indonésienne French Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat ID Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat Italian Tentara Nasional Indonésia Angkatan Dharat JV Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Darat Malay Сухопутные войска Индонезии Russian Lục quân Indonesia Vietnamese
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The Indonesian Army (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD), lit. 'Indonesian National Military-Land Force') is the land branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It has an estimated strength of 300,400 active personnel.[1] The history of the Indonesian Army has its roots in 1945 when the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) "People's Security Army" first emerged as a paramilitary and police corps.[2]
Since the nation's independence movement, the Indonesian Army has been involved in multifaceted operations ranging from the incorporation of Western New Guinea, the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, to the annexation of East Timor, as well as internal counter-insurgency operations in Aceh, Maluku, and Papua. The army's operations have not been without controversy; it has been periodically associated with human rights violations, particularly in West Papua, East Timor and Aceh.[3][4]
The Indonesia Army is composed of a headquarters, 15 military regional command (Kodam), a strategic reserve command (Kostrad), a special forces command (Kopassus), and various adjunct units. It is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Army (Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat – KSAD or KASAD).
- ^ a b International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-032-50895-5.
- ^ Daves, Joseph H (2013) The Indonesian Army from Revolusi to Reformasi ISBN 978-1-4929-3093-8, p 15
- ^ Schwarz, Adam (1994) A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s Allen & Unwin ISBN 1-86373-635-2, p 215
- ^ Hill-Smith, Charlie (2009) Strange Birds in Paradise: A West Papuan Story