Intravenous sodium bicarbonate

Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Clinical data
Trade names	many
Other names	sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium carbonate
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682001
License data	US DailyMed: Sodium_bicarbonate;
Routes of; administration	intravenous
ATC code	B05XA02 (WHO) B05CB04 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (intravenous)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name sodium hydrogen carbonate;
CAS Number	144-55-8 ;
PubChem CID	516892;
DrugBank	DB01390 ;
ChemSpider	8609 ;
UNII	8MDF5V39QO;
KEGG	D01203; C12603;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32139;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1353;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	CHNaO3
Molar mass	84.006 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+];
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1; Key:UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis.^[2] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea, vomiting, or the kidneys.^[3] Other uses include high blood potassium, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and cocaine toxicity as well as a number of other poisonings.^[2]^[4]^[5] It is given by injection into a vein.^[3]

Side effects may include low blood potassium, high blood sodium, and swelling.^[2]^[5] It is not recommended for people with low blood calcium level.^[6] Sodium bicarbonate is in the alkalinizing family of medications.^[6] It works by increasing blood bicarbonate, which buffers excess hydrogen ion and raises blood pH.^[6]

Commercial production of sodium bicarbonate began between 1791 and 1823.^[7] Intravenous medical use began around the 1950s.^[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[8] Sodium bicarbonate is available as a generic medication.^[6]

^ "Sodium bicarbonate Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 489–492. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ ^a ^b British National Formulary: BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 684. ISBN 9780857111562.
^ Bruccoleri RE, Burns MM (March 2016). "A Literature Review of the Use of Sodium Bicarbonate for the Treatment of QRS Widening". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 12 (1): 121–129. doi:10.1007/s13181-015-0483-y. PMC 4781799. PMID 26159649.
^ ^a ^b ^c Liebelt EL (2014). "Sodium Bicarbonate". In Dart RC (ed.). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 257. ISBN 9780781728454. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Sodium Bicarbonate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ Ihde AJ (1970). "Chemical Industry I: The Nineteenth Century". The Development of Modern Chemistry. Courier Corporation. p. 447. ISBN 9780486642352. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.