Jakarta | |
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Special Capital Region of Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | |
Nicknames: | |
Motto(s): | |
![]() Interactive map outlining Jakarta (parts of Thousand Islands not visible) | |
Coordinates: 6°10′30″S 106°49′39″E / 6.17500°S 106.82750°E | |
Country | ![]() |
Region | Java |
Administrative cities and regencies | |
Originated | 5th CE (first settlement) |
Founded | 22 June 1527[3] |
Established as Batavia | 30 May 1619[4] |
City status | 4 March 1621[3] |
Province status | 28 August 1961[3] |
Capital | Central Jakarta (de facto)[b] |
Government | |
• Type | Special administrative area |
• Body | Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Government |
• Governor | Heru Budi Hartono (Acting) |
• Vice Governor | Vacant |
• Legislature | Jakarta Regional People's Representative Council |
Area | |
• Special Capital Region | 660.982 km2 (255.207 sq mi) |
• Urban | 3,546 km2 (547.16 sq mi) |
• Metro | 7,076.31 km2 (2,732.18 sq mi) |
• Rank | 38th in Indonesia |
Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
Population (2023)[5] | |
• Special Capital Region | 11,350,328 |
• Rank | 6th in Indonesia |
• Density | 17,000/km2 (44,000/sq mi) |
• Urban | 35,386,000 |
• Urban density | 10,000/km2 (65,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 32,594,159 |
• Metro density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
Demonym | Jakartan |
Demographics | |
• Ethnic groups | List |
• Religion (2022)[8] | List |
GDP | |
• City | Rp 3,442.98 trillion US$ 225.88 billion Int$ 724.01 billion (PPP) |
• Per capita | Rp 322.62 million US$ 21,166 Int$ 67,842 (PPP) |
• Metro | Rp 6,404.70 trillion US$ 420.192 billion Int$ 1.346 trillion (PPP) |
Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indonesia Western Time) |
Postal codes | 10110–14540, 19110–19130 |
Area code | +62 21 |
ISO 3166 code | ID-JK |
Vehicle registration | B |
HDI (2023) | ![]() |
Website | jakarta |
Jakarta[c] (/dʒəˈkɑːrtə/; Indonesian pronunciation: [dʒaˈkarta] , Betawi: Jakartè), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta[12] (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, abbreviated to DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest metropole in Southeast Asia, and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. The Special Capital Region has a status equivalent to that of a province and is bordered by two other provinces: West Java to the south and east; and (since 2000, when it was separated from West Java) Banten to the west. Its coastline faces the Java Sea to the north, and it shares a maritime border with Lampung to the west. Jakarta's metropolitan area is ASEAN's second largest economy after Singapore.
Jakarta is the economic, cultural, and political centre of Indonesia. Although Jakarta extends over only 661.23 km2 (255.30 sq mi) and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian province, its metropolitan area covers 7,076.31 km2 (2,732.18 sq mi), which includes the satellite cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi, and has an estimated population of 32.6 million as of 2022[update], making it the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo). Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in the human development index. Jakarta's business and employment opportunities, along with its ability to offer a potentially higher standard of living compared to other parts of the country, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures.
Jakarta is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Southeast Asia. Established in the fourth century as Sunda Kelapa, the city became an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom. At one time, it was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies, when it was known as Batavia. Jakarta was officially a city within West Java until 1960 when its official status was changed to a province with special capital region distinction. As a province, its government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. Jakarta is an alpha world city and is the seat of the ASEAN secretariat. Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Stock Exchange, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city. In 2023, the city's GRP PPP was estimated at US$724.010 billion.
Jakarta's main challenges include rapid urban growth, ecological breakdown, air pollution, gridlocked traffic, congestion, and flooding due to subsidence (sea level rise is relative, not absolute). Part of North Jakarta is sinking up to 17 cm (6.7 inches) annually, meanwhile the southern part is relatively safe. This has made the northern part of the city more prone to flooding and one of the fastest-sinking capitals in the world. In response to these challenges, in August 2019, President Joko Widodo announced plans to move the capital from Jakarta to the planned city of Nusantara, in the province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The MPR approved the move on 18 January 2022. The Indonesian government is not abandoning Jakarta after announcing plans to move the country's capital, its planning minister said, pledging to spend US$40 billion, which is more than cost to build Nusantara, to save the city in the next decade.[13]
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