Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale | |
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Born | Jarnail Singh Brar[1] 2 June 1947 |
Died | 6 June 1984 | (aged 37)
Cause of death | Killed in gunfight during Operation Blue Star |
Monuments | Gurdwara Yaadgar Shaheedan, Amritsar[2] |
Occupations |
|
Era | Around 1984 |
Organization | Damdami Taksal |
Title | Sant[3] |
Successor | Baba Thakur Singh |
Movement | Dharam Yudh Morcha |
Spouse |
Pritam Kaur (m. 1966) |
Children | 2 |
Preview warning: Page using Template:Listen with missing file "Sant Jarnail Singh Speech on what the youth should do.ogg" |
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (Punjabi: [d͡ʒəɾnɛːlᵊ sɪ́ŋɡᵊ pɪ̀ɳɖrãːʋaːɭe]; born Jarnail Singh Brar;[4] 2 June 1947[5]– 6 June 1984) was an Indian militant.[6][7][8][9][10] He was the leading figure of the Khalistan movement,[11][12][13] although he did not personally advocate for a separate Sikh nation.[5]: 156–157 [14]
He was the thirteeth jathedar or leader, of the prominent orthodox Sikh religious institution Damdami Taksal.[15][16] An advocate of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution,[17][18][19][20][21] he gained significant attention after his involvement in the 1978 Sikh-Nirankari clash. In the summer of 1982, Bhindranwale and the Akali Dal launched the Dharam Yudh Morcha ("righteous campaign"),[22] with its stated aim being the fulfilment of a list of demands based on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution to create a largely autonomous state within India. Thousands of people joined the movement in the hope of retaining a larger share of irrigation water and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab.[23] There was dissatisfaction in some sections of the Sikh community with prevailing economic, social, and political conditions.[24] Over time Bhindranwale grew to be a leader of Sikh militancy.[25][26]
In 1982, Bhindranwale and his group moved to the Golden Temple complex and made it his headquarters. Bhindranwale would establish what amounted to a "parallel government" in Punjab,[27][28] settling cases and resolving disputes,[27][29][30] while conducting his campaign.[31] In 1983, he along with his militant cadre inhabited and fortified the Sikh shrine Akal Takht. Scholars hold him responsible for launching attacks on Hindus and state institutions from the complex.[32][33][34][35] In June 1984, Operation Blue Star was carried out by the Indian Army to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the buildings of the Harmandir Sahib in the Golden Temple Complex,[36] which resulted in hundreds to thousands of deaths according to various reports, including that of Bhindranwale.[37]
Bhindranwale has remained a controversial figure in Indian history.[38] While the Sikhs' highest temporal authority Akal Takht describe him a 'Martyr',[39] with immense appeal among rural sections of the Sikh population,[28][40] who saw him as a powerful leader,[40] who stood up to Indian state dominance and repression,[41][42] many Indians saw him as spearheading a "revivalist, extremist and terrorist movement".[40][43][44][45][46] His stance on the creation of a separate Sikh state remains a point of contention.[18][19][47][48][49][50][51][52]
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Bhindranwale was a militant leader and leading figure of the Khalistan movement who was killed in Operation Blue Star in 1984.
Bhindranwale was a militant leader who had holed up with his supporters
Bhindranwale was a militant Sikh
Bhindranwale was a militant religious leader and the leader of the Khalistani Movement
Within a few years Bhindranwale developed his own power base quite apart from the Congress ( I ) and began to emerge as the key figure in the Sikh separatist movement that was demanding a new independent state for Sikhs in the Punjab, an independent state to be known as "Khalistan" (the "Land of the Khalsa" or the "Land of the Pure"). He and his followers took control of the Sikh Golden Temple and the Akal Takht (the "Eternal Tower"), the central shrine and symbol of the Sikh faith, in Amritsar early in 1984, stockpiling huge caches of weapons and apparently preparing for armed insurrection.
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, the key figure in the Khalistan movement
By 1981, he had become the leading figure of an aggressive movement for a Sikh state.
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Not surprisingly, these rampant attacks on Hindus, orchestrated by Bhindranwale from the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest of Sikh shrines, led to a Hindu backlash across northern India
FOR most Indians, Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was a terrorist. But to Sikhs he was a powerful leader who led a violent campaign for an independent state called Khalistan
the fulcrum of politics shifted increasingly to the revivalist, extremist, and terrorist movement symbolized by Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
Bhindranwale emerged as a high profile leader of the Sikh militancy in the 1980s and cultivated many allies in the quest for Khalistan
drawing on the speeches of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, the most prominent of the terrorist leaders, who was killed in 1984 when the Indian Army stormed the Golden Temple
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