Jersey Jèrri (Jèrriais) | |
---|---|
British Crown Dependency | |
Bailiwick of Jersey | |
Motto: | |
Anthem: "God Save the King" | |
Island anthem: "Island Home"[3] | |
![]() Location of Jersey (green) in Europe (dark grey) | |
Sovereign state responsible for Jersey[1][2] | United Kingdom |
Separation from the Duchy of Normandy | 1204 |
Capital and largest parish[b] | St Helier[a] 49°11.4′N 2°6.6′W / 49.1900°N 2.1100°W |
Official languages | |
Ethnic groups (2021)[4] | |
Religion (2015)[5] |
|
Demonym(s) | Islanders, Jerseyman, Jerseywoman, Jersey bean, Jersey crapaud, Jèrriais(e) |
Government | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
Charles III | |
Jerry Kyd | |
• Bailiff | Sir Tim Le Cocq |
Lyndon Farnham | |
Legislature | States Assembly |
Area | |
• Total | 119.6[6] km2 (46.2 sq mi) (unranked) |
• Water (%) | 0 |
Highest elevation | 469 ft (143 m) |
Population | |
• 2021 census | 103,267[7] |
• Density | 859/km2 (2,224.8/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2015 estimate |
• Total | billion (£4.57 billion)[8] (not ranked) |
• Per capita | (£45,783) (not ranked) |
GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | £4.885 billion (US billion)[9] |
• Per capita | £45,320 |
Gini (2014) | ![]() low |
HDI (2011) | ![]() very high · not ranked |
Currency | Pound sterling Jersey pound (£) (GBP) |
Time zone | UTC±00:00 (GMT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (BST) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Mains electricity | 230 V–50 Hz |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +44 |
UK postcode | |
ISO 3166 code | JE |
Internet TLD | .je |
Jersey (/ˈdʒɜːrzi/ JUR-zee; Jèrriais: Jèrri [ʒɛri]), officially known as the Bailiwick of Jersey,[d][12][13][14] is an island country in Northwestern Europe and self-governing British Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west France.[15][16][17] It is the largest of the Channel Islands and is 14 miles (23 km) from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy.[18] The Bailiwick consists of the main island of Jersey and some surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks including Les Dirouilles, Les Écréhous, Les Minquiers, and Les Pierres de Lecq.[19]
Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes became kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey remained loyal to the English Crown, though it never became part of the Kingdom of England. Between then and the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Jersey was at the frontline of Anglo-French Wars and was invaded a number of times, leading to the construction of fortifications such as Mont Orgueil Castle and a thriving smuggling industry. During the Second World War, the island was invaded and occupied for five years by Nazi Germany. The island was liberated on 9 May 1945, which is now celebrated as the island's national day.[20]
Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with its own financial, legal and judicial systems,[7] and the power of self-determination.[21] Jersey's constitutional relationship is with the Crown; it is not part of the United Kingdom.[22][23][24] The bailiff is the civil head, president of the states and head of the judiciary; the lieutenant governor represents the head of state, the British monarch; and the chief minister is the head of government. Jersey's defence and international representation – as well as certain policy areas, such as nationality law – are the responsibility of the UK government, but Jersey still has a separate international identity.[25]
The island has a large financial services industry, which generates 40% of its GVA.[6] British cultural influence on the island is evident in its use of English as the main language and pound sterling as its primary currency. Additional British cultural similarities include: driving on the left, access to British television, newspapers and other media, a school curriculum following that of England,[26] and the popularity of British sports, including football and cricket.[27] The island also has a strong Norman-French culture, such as its historic dialect of the Norman language, Jèrriais, being one of only two places in Normandy with government status for the language (the other being Guernsey), as well as the use of standard French in legal matters and officially in use as a government language, strong cultural ties to mainland Normandy as a part of the Normandy region, and place names with French or Norman origins. The island has very close cultural links with its neighbouring islands in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, and they share a good-natured rivalry. Jersey and its people have been described as a nation.[28][29][30]
The Crown Dependencies are not recognised internationally as sovereign States in their own right but as "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible".
2. Jersey has an international identity which is different from that of the UK.
HER MAJESTY, in the exercise of Her prerogatives as Sovereign in right of the Bailiwick of Jersey ... The Bailiwick of Jersey is, by virtue of this Order, as a matter of and for the purposes of the law of Jersey
The Board concluded that Jersey is accurately described as a 'Country', or even as a 'Small Island Nation', and as such has a distinct international character. This has been agreed with the UK and by constitutional experts, and in 2007 the Lord Chancellor and Chief Minister signed an agreement entitled 'Framework for developing the international identity of Jersey', which also acknowledges that Jersey's 'international identity' is different from that of the UK. However, legally-speaking the term 'identity' has no defined meaning; the appropriate term for a country is 'personality', and this report adopts that usage throughout when describing how we are viewed internationally.
Torrance-2022
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