Back ጄተቨነራመየ Amharic جيتافانا رامايا Arabic Jetavanaramaya Catalan Jetavanaramaya Spanish Jetavanaramaya French Jetavanaramaya Italian ဇေတဝနာရာမယစေတီ Burmese Jetavanaramaya Dutch අනුරාධපුර ජේතවනාරාමය Singhalese Jetavanaramaya Slovenian
| Jetavanaramaya | |
|---|---|
ජේතවනාරාමය | |
 Jetavanaramaya | |
 | |
| Former names | Denanaka and Denavehera |
| General information | |
| Type | Dagoba[1] |
| Architectural style | Sinhalese architecture |
| Location | Anuradhapura, North Central Province, Sri Lanka |
| Height | Original height: 122 m (400 ft), Current height: 71 m (233 ft) |
| Dimensions | |
| Other dimensions | 233,000 m2 (2,508,000 sq ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 5.6 hectares |
The Jetavanarama stupa or Jetavanaramaya (Sinhala: ජේතවනාරාමය, romanized: jētavanārāmaya) is a stupa, or Buddhist reliquary monument, located in the ruins of Jetavana monastery in the UNESCO world heritage city of Anuradhapura,[2] Sri Lanka. At 122 metres (400 ft), it was the world's tallest stupa,[3] and the third tallest structure in the world (only behind the two great pyramids: Great Pyramid of Giza and Pyramid of Khafre) when it was built by King Mahasena of Anuradhapura (273–301).[4] He initiated the construction of the stupa[5]: 49 following the destruction of the Mahaviharaya of Anuradhapura. His son Kithsirimevan completed the construction of the stupa, and it was renovated by Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa.[6] A part of a belt tied by the Buddha is believed to be the relic that is enshrined here.
The structure is significant in the island's history as it represents the tensions within the Theravada and Mahayana sects of Buddhism; it is also significant in recorded history as one of the tallest structures in the ancient world;[7] and the tallest non-pyramidal building; the height of the stupa was 122 metres (400 ft),[8] making it the tallest stupa in the ancient world. With the destruction and abandonment of Anuradhapura kingdom in the 11th century, the stupa with others was covered by jungle. King Parakramabahu in the 12th century tried to renovate this stupa and it was rebuilt to the current height, a reduction from the original height. Today it stands at 71 metres (233 ft).[9]
The compound covers approximately 5.6 hectares and is estimated to have housed 10,000 Buddhist monks. One side of the stupa is 176 m (576 ft) long, and the flights of stairs at each of the four sides of it are 9 m (28 ft) wide. The doorpost to the shrine, which is situated in the courtyard, is 8 m (27 ft) high. The stupa has a 8.5 m (28 ft) deep foundation, and sits on bedrock.
The structure is no longer the tallest, but it is still the largest, with a base-area of 233,000 m2 (2,508,000 sq ft).[10] Approximately 93.3 million baked bricks were used in its construction; the engineering ingenuity behind the construction of the structure is a significant development in the history of the island.
- ^ Great Cities of the Ancient World. p. 338. ISBN 0385091877.
- ^ Ancient Buddhist Mural Painting of India and Sri Lanka. 2002. p. 204.
- ^ "Tallest stupa". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
- ^ Mandawala, P.B. (2002). "The Jetavana Stupa Rediscovered". Silhouette-(2002-2003). General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University: 125–133.
- ^ Sinhalese Monastic Architecture. ISBN 9004039929.
- ^ "Jetavanaramaya". Archived from the original on 2008-01-26.
- ^ Silva, R. 1990, "Bricks – A unit of construction in ancient Sri Lanka", ICTAD Journal, 2 (1): pp. 21–42
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ST2009was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Maha Bodhi Tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka: The Oldest Historical Tree in the World. p. 10. ISBN 0706970632.
- ^ Ranaweera, Munidasa P (December 2004). "Ancient Stupas in Sri Lanka – Largest Brick Structures in the World". CHS Newsletter (70). Construction History Society.