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Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]),[1] are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar.[Note 1] They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from three sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.
Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
| Holiday | Date range |
|---|---|
| Rosh Hashanah | 5 Sep to 5 Oct |
| Yom Kippur | 14 Sep to 14 Oct |
| Sukkot (first of seven days) | 19 Sep to 19 Oct |
| Shemini Atzeret | 26 Sep to 26 Oct |
| Simchat Torah | 27 Sep to 27 Oct |
| Hanukkah (first of eight days) | 28 Nov to 27 Dec |
| Tu Bishvat | 15 Jan to 13 Feb |
| Purim | 24 Feb to 26 Mar |
| Shushan Purim | 25 Feb to 27 Mar |
| Yom HaAliyah | 21 Mar to 20 Apr |
| Pesach (first of seven/eight days) | 26 Mar to 25 Apr |
| Yom HaShoah | 8 Apr[3] to 7 May[4] |
| Yom Ha'atzmaut | 15 Apr[5] to 15 May[6] |
| Lag B'Omer | 28 Apr to 28 May |
| Yom Yerushalayim | 8 May to 7 Jun |
| Shavuot | 15 May to 14 Jun |
| Tzom Tammuz | 25 Jun to 25 Jul |
| Tisha B'Av | 16 Jul to 15 Aug |
| Tu B'Av | 22 Jul to 21 Aug |
- ^ "yom tov". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Valid at least from 1999 to 2050. Outside this period the ranges for the holidays in the months from Kislev to Adar I might be slightly larger. After 2089 the early dates will be a day later, and after 2213 the last dates will be a day later.
- ^ Possibly April 6 or 7, but not in 1999–2050.
- ^ Possibly 8 May, but not in 1999–2050.
- ^ Possibly 14 April, but not in 1999–2050.
- ^ Possibly 16 May, but not in 1999–2050.
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