The Joint Operations Command (JOC) is the supreme organ for the coordination of state security in Zimbabwe. It was established by the Rhodesian Security Forces as Combined Operations Headquarters to supervise its counter-insurgency campaign in the Rhodesian Bush War[1][2] as well as external incursions into neighbouring countries such as Zambia and Mozambique.[3] The JOC retained its role in the post-independence Zimbabwe Defence Forces, and has since been accused of manipulating elections and orchestrating political violence.
- ^ Martin, D. and Johnson, P. 1981. The struggle for Zimbabwe. Boston, Faber and Faber.
- ^ N. Bhebe and T. Ranger (eds), 1995. Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War. Volume One. James Currey, London.
- ^ Smith Takes a Dangerous New Gamble, Time, 13 June 1977.