Jubb'adin
ܓܦܥܘܕ - גפעוד جبعدين | |
---|---|
Village | |
Coordinates: 33°49′35″N 36°30′33″E / 33.826382°N 36.509215°E | |
Country | ![]() |
Governorate | Rif Dimashq |
District | al-Qutayfah |
Subdistrict | Maaloula |
Population (2004 census)[1] | |
• Total | 3,778 |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Area code | 11 |
Jubb'adin (Western Neo-Aramaic: ܓܦܥܘܕ - גפעוד Ġuppaʿōḏ lit. 'the well of Eden or the well of Audius',[2] Arabic: جبعدين)[3] is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus in the Qalamoun Mountains. Nearby localities include Saidnaya and Rankous to the southwest, Yabroud and Maaloula to the northeast, and Assal al-Ward to the northwest.
According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jubb'adin had a population of 3,778 in the 2004 census.[1] However, that number has likely decreased during the Syrian Civil War as a result of combat casualties and emigration. The village's inhabitants are all Sunni Muslims by religion and of Aramean (Syriac) descent.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Following their conversion to Islam in the 18th century, the inhabitants of Jubb'adin underwent a religious transformation, shifting from being exclusively Christian to entirely Muslim.[14][15]
The village is among the two last remaining villages where Western Neo-Aramaic is still spoken. Most of the younger people in the village are bilingual and speak both Western Neo-Aramaic and Syrian Arabic fluently. Jubb'adin is the main source of modern poetry written in the Western Neo-Aramaic language, thanks to its many poets. The environment is colder than in most other Syrian cities and villages due to its altitude.[16]
The main mosque in the village is called Jemʿa rāb "the Large Mosque" in Western Neo-Aramaic.
Its Aramaic name is ġuppaҁōḏ, which is how its natives refer to it, while the word Jubaadin is the Arabized form of its name.
السريان في معلولا وجبعدين ولا يزال الأهلون فيها يتكلمون
... معلولا السريان منذ القديم ، والذين ثبتت سريانيتهم بأدلة كثيرة هم وعين التينة وبخعا وجبعدين فحافظوا على لغتهم وكتبهم أكثر من غيرهم . وكان للقوم في تلك الأيام لهجتان ، لهجة عاميّة وهي الباقية الآن في معلولا وجوارها ( جبعدين وبخعا ) ...
Ich kenne das Dorf nicht, doch gehört habe ich davon. Was ist mit Malula?‹ fragte der festgehaltene Derwisch. >Das letzte Dorf der Aramäer< lachte einer der…
The fact that nearly all Arabic loans in Ma'lula originate from the period before the change from the rural dialect to the city dialect of Damascus shows that the contact between the Aramaeans and the Arabs was intimate…
Aramäer von Ǧubbˁadīn
Die arabischen Dialekte der Aramäer
Die Kontakte zwischen den drei Aramäer-dörfern sind nicht besonders stark.
Aramäern in Ma'lūla
Viele Aramäer arbeiten heute in Damaskus, Beirut oder in den Golfstaaten und verbringen nur die Sommermonate im Dorf.
…Western Neo-Aramaic (Spitaler 1938; Arnold 1990), which is attested in three villages whose speakers just a few generations ago were still entirely Christian.
The inhabitants of Bakh'a and Jubb'Adin are Muslims (since the eighteenth century), as is a large portion of the people of Ma'lula, while the rest have remained Christian, mostly of Melkite (Greek Catholic) persuasion. The retention of the "Christian" language after conversion to Islam is noteworthy.