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Junk food

A poster at Camp Pendleton's 21-Area Health Promotion Center describes the effects of junk food that many Marines and sailors consume.

"Junk food" is a term used to describe food that is high in calories from macronutrients such as sugar and/or fat, and possibly sodium, making it hyperpalatable, but with insufficient dietary fiber, protein, or micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals.[1][2][3] It is also known as HFSS food (high in fat, salt and sugar).[4] The term junk food is a pejorative dating back to the 1950s.[5] Many variations of junk food can be easily found in most supermarkets and fast-food restaurants. Due to easy accessibility, commercially-oriented packaging, and often-low prices, people are most likely to consume it.[6]

Precise definitions vary by purpose and over time. Some high-protein foods, like meat prepared with saturated fat, may be considered junk food.[7] Fast food and fast-food restaurants are often equated with junk food, although fast foods cannot be categorically described as junk food.[8][9][10] Most junk food is ultra-processed food.

Concerns about the negative health effects resulting from a junk food-heavy diet, especially obesity, have resulted in public health awareness campaigns, and restrictions on advertising and sale in several countries.[11][12][13] Current studies indicate that a diet high in junk food can increase the risk of depression, digestive issues, heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and early death.[14]

  1. ^ "junk food". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  2. ^ "junk food". Macmillan Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  3. ^ O'Neill, Brendon (November 30, 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  4. ^ Parks, Troy (16 Dec 2016). "WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads". American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  5. ^ Zimmer, Ben (30 Dec 2010). "On Language: Junk". New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  6. ^ "Junk food and your health | healthdirect". Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  7. ^ Scott, Caitlin (May 2018). "Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets". Global Environmental Politics. 18 (2): 93–113. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458. ISSN 1526-3800. S2CID 57559050.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference smithencyclo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Specter, Michael (2 November 2015). "Freedom from Fries". New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2023-09-03. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  10. ^ Smith, Rene. "Fast Food Facts". Science Kids. Archived from the original on 2022-08-02. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  11. ^ "Food Marketing to Kids". Public Health Law Center (William Mitchell College of Law). 2010. Archived from the original on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  12. ^ "Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing". World Health Organization. September 2014. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  13. ^ "Food Marketing in Other Countries" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  14. ^ Brissette, Christy (March 1, 2018). "this is your body on fast food". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
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