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KS Persei

KS Persei
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension 04h 48m 53.348s[1]
Declination 43° 16′ 32.09″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 7.70[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type A5Iap[3] + B2/3Ia/Ib[4]
B−V color index 0.423±0.019[2]
Variable type Semiregular[5]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: 1.600 mas/yr[1]
Dec.: −1.781 mas/yr[1]
Parallax (π)0.1004 ± 0.0414 mas[1]
Distance< 3,200 ly
(< 1,000[6] pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−3.3[6]
Orbit[7]
Period (P)360.47±1.07 d
Semi-major axis (a)≥243 ± 8 Gm (1.624 ± 0.053 AU)
Eccentricity (e)0.28±0.03
Periastron epoch (T)2,435,141.74±5.06 JD
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		268.4±4.8°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		51.4±1.6 km/s
Details
Supergiant
Mass1.0 (assumed)[8] M☉
Luminosity2,000[6] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)2.0±0.5[6] cgs
Temperature9,500±300[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.73±0.10[9] dex
Companion
Mass5 (times the primary mass)[8] M☉
Temperature12,500[8] K
Other designations
Bidelman's Star, KS Per, AG+43 500, BD+43 1069, HD 30353, HIP 22365, SAO 39773[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata

KS Persei is a binary system in the equatorial constellation of Perseus. It is sometimes known as Bidelman's Star, named after William P. Bidelman.[10][2] The star is invisible to the naked eye with a mean apparent visual magnitude of 7.70.[2] As of 2018, the structure and evolutionary history of this system remain uncertain, although some form of mass transfer is likely to have occurred to explain the observed properties.[11]

The peculiar nature of the spectra for this star was noted in the Henry Draper Catalogue and was the subject of a study by W. P. Bidelman published in 1950. He found extremely weak lines of hydrogen, similar to those for Upsilon Sagittarii but at a lower temperature. The data strongly suggested the star has an abnormally low abundance of hydrogen in the stellar atmosphere. Bidelman noted that the radial velocity of the star is variable, demonstrating that it has an unseen companion.[12] Preliminary orbital elements for this single-lined spectroscopic binary were published in 1955 by J. F. Heard and O. Boshko, giving an orbital period of 359.7 days and with eccentricity of 0.27. They found a large mass function of 4.5, suggesting that the supergiant has lost mass and the companion is relatively massive.[13] The mass function was revised to 3.6±0.4 in 1988, suggesting the secondary is five times more massive than the primary.[6] Although the Gaia parallax is small (and the Hipparcos parallax is negative), KS Persei is thought to be less than 1,000 pc away. Older studies have suggested distances up to 3,900 pc.[6]

An analysis by G. Wallerstein and associates in 1967 showed that nitrogen is the second most abundant element in the primary, likely as a result of carbon cycling.[14] G. A. Bakos attempted to photometrically detect an eclipse but was unsuccessful. However, he did tentatively detect semiregular variation with a period of ~30 days and an amplitude of 0.1 magnitude. This variability was confirmed by K. Morrison and G. P. H. Willingale in 1987, and they discovered an additional five day cycle.[15] In 1982, J. S. Drilling and D. Schönberner detected a hot companion from spectra collected by the International Ultraviolet Explorer.[4] The system is an infrared source, and models of the infrared flux suggest it is being emitted by circumstellar dust heated to 1,100 K.[6] It is possible that the companion is obscured by dust.[8]

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference GaiaEDR3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Anderson_Francis_2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Boulon1959 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Drilling_Schonberner_1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Samus_et_al_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference Kipper_Klochkova_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Heard1962 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Parthasarathy_et_al_2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Gáspár_et_al_2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SIMBAD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hall_Jeffery_2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bidelman1950 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Heard_Boshko_1955 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wallerstein_et_al_1967 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Morrison_Willingale_1987 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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