Kansas is divided into 4 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The number of districts in Kansas remained unchanged after the 2010 census. Historically, the state has held as many as eight seats (1893–1933). The number of congressional seats decreased from five to four following the 1990 census. Between 1990 and 2000, the population of Kansas grew by 8.5% from 2,477,574 to 2,688,418, making it the 32nd most populated state; all four congressional seats were retained.
From 2010 to 2018, the state's congressional delegation was composed of all Republicans. However, following the 2018 elections, one incumbent was ousted by a Democratic challenger, changing the state's delegation to a 3-1 Republican majority.