Khedivate of Egypt الْخُدَيْوِيَّةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ (Arabic) Khidywyt-al Misr خدیویت مصر (Ottoman Turkish) Hıdiviyet-i Mısır | |||||||||||||||
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1867–1914 | |||||||||||||||
Anthem: (1871–1914) Salam Affandina | |||||||||||||||
![]() Egypt and its expansion in the 19th century. | |||||||||||||||
Status | |||||||||||||||
Capital | Cairo | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Albanian, Greek,[1] French, English[a], Coptic | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam, Coptic Christianity | ||||||||||||||
Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||||||||
Khedive | |||||||||||||||
• 1867–1879 | Isma'il Pasha | ||||||||||||||
• 1879–1892 | Tewfik Pasha | ||||||||||||||
• 1892–1914 | Abbas II | ||||||||||||||
British Consul-General | |||||||||||||||
• 1883–1907 | Evelyn Baring | ||||||||||||||
• 1907–1911 | Eldon Gorst | ||||||||||||||
• 1911–1914 | Herbert Kitchener | ||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||
• 1878–1879 (first) | Nubar Pasha | ||||||||||||||
• 1914 (last) | Hussein Roshdy Pasha | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Scramble for Africa | ||||||||||||||
• Established | 8 June 1867 | ||||||||||||||
• Suez Canal opened | 17 November 1869 | ||||||||||||||
1881–1882 | |||||||||||||||
• British invasion in the Anglo-Egyptian War | July – September 1882 | ||||||||||||||
18 January 1899 | |||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 19 December 1914 | ||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||
• Total | 5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1882[b] | 6,805,000 | ||||||||||||||
• 1897[b] | 9,715,000 | ||||||||||||||
• 1907[b] | 11,287,000 | ||||||||||||||
Currency | Egyptian pound | ||||||||||||||
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History of Egypt |
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The Khedivate of Egypt (Arabic: الْخُدَيْوِيَّةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ or خُدَيْوِيَّةُ مِصْرَ, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [xedeˈwejjet mɑsˤɾ]; Ottoman Turkish: خدیویت مصر Hıdiviyet-i Mısır) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt. The Khedivate of Egypt had also expanded to control present-day Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, northwestern Somalia, northeastern Ethiopia, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Greece, Cyprus, southern and central Turkey, in addition to parts from Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, as well as northwestern Saudi Arabia, parts of Yemen and the Kingdom of Hejaz.[5][6]
The United Kingdom invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt.