King Edward VII-class battleship

HMS King Edward VII, lead ship of the King Edward VII class.
Class overview
Name	King Edward VII class
Builders	Chatham Dockyard, Devonport Dockyard, John Brown, Fairfield, Portsmouth Dockyard, Vickers
Operators	Royal Navy
Preceded by	Duncan class
Succeeded by	Swiftsure class
Built	1902–1906
In service	1905–1921
Completed	8
Lost	2
Retired	6
General characteristics
Class and type	Pre-dreadnought battleship
Displacement	Normal: 15,585 to 15,885 long tons (15,835 to 16,140 t) Full load: 17,009 to 17,290 long tons (17,282 to 17,567 t)
Length	453 ft 9 in (138.3 m) (loa)
Beam	75 ft (22.9 m)
Draught	25 ft 8 in (7.82 m)
Installed power	16 water-tube boilers 18,000 ihp (13,420 kW)
Propulsion	2 × triple-expansion steam engines 2 × screw propellers
Speed	18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)
Complement	777
Armament	4 × BL 12 in (305 mm) Mk IX guns 4 × BL 9.2 in (234 mm) Mk X guns 10 × BL 6 in (152 mm) Mk VII guns 14 × 12-pounder 3 in (76 mm) guns 14 × 3-pounder 47 mm (1.9 in) guns 4 × 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes (submerged)
Armour	Belt: 9 in (229 mm) Bulkheads: 8–12 in (203–305 mm) Barbettes: 12 in Turrets: Main battery: 8–12 in 9.2-inch battery: 5–9 in (127–229 mm) Casemates: 7 in (178 mm) Conning tower: 12 in Decks: 1–2.5 in (25–64 mm)

The King Edward VII class was a class of eight pre-dreadnought battleships launched by the Royal Navy between 1903 and 1905. The class comprised King Edward VII, the lead ship, Commonwealth, Hindustan, Britannia, Dominion, New Zealand, Africa, and Hibernia. They marked the first major development of the basic pre-dreadnought type that had been developed with the Majestic type of the mid-1890s, all of which had been designed by the Director of Naval Construction, William Henry White, with the primary innovation being the adoption of a heavy secondary battery of four 9.2-inch (234 mm) guns to supplement the standard main battery of four 12 in (305 mm) guns. The King Edward VIIs were among the last pre-dreadnoughts built for the Royal Navy before the construction and launch of the revolutionary battleship HMS Dreadnought in 1906, which immediately rendered them obsolescent.

The ships served with the Atlantic Fleet from 1905 to 1907, when they were transferred to the Channel Fleet, though this service lasted only until 1908–1909, when they were reassigned to the Home Fleet. During this period, King Edward VII served as fleet flagship as a result of a request from her namesake that she always serve as such. Africa and Hibernia were involved with experiments with seaplanes in 1912, and that year all members of the class were assigned to the 3rd Battle Squadron of the Home Fleet and were later sent to the Mediterranean Sea to respond to the First Balkan War.

By the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the King Edward VIIs were sent to the Grand Fleet to support the Northern Patrol and to conduct sweeps in the North Sea for German warships, though they never saw combat. In January 1916, King Edward VII struck a German naval mine and sank, though her crew was safely evacuated. By mid-1916, the surviving ships were no longer suitable for front-line fleet service, and so they were dispersed to other tasks, including coastal defence with the Nore Command and for operations in the Gallipoli Campaign. Africa was sent to the Atlantic Patrol in 1917 and was later stricken with Spanish flu, and Britannia was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat two days before the end of the war, one of the last British warships to be sunk in the conflict. The surviving members of the class were all sold for scrap in the early 1920s.