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List of Greco-Persian wars

The following is a list of wars fought between Greeks and Persians.

  Greek/Seleucid/Byzantine victory: 9

  Persian/Parthian/Sasanian victory: 6

  Inconclusive: 5

Date War Belligerents Belligerents Result Note
Ancient Greece
(499–323 BC)
499–493 BC Ionian Revolt Greeks Achaemenid empire Persian victory Persia regains control of Cyprus and Greek cities in Asia Minor
Beginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece
492–490 BC First Persian invasion of Greece Greeks Achaemenid empire Inconclusive Persians capture Thrace and part of Macedon, but they fail to achieve their goals
480–479 BC Second Persian invasion of Greece Greeks Achaemenid empire Greek victory Greeks expel Persia from Greece;
Macedon, Thrace, Ionia and Aegean Islands returned to Greeks
479–478 BC Greek counterattack Greeks Achaemenid empire Greek victory Greeks capture Cyprus
355–328 BC Persian campaign of Alexander the Great Macedonian Empire Achaemenid Empire Greek victory Macedon annexes Achaemenid empire
Start of the Hellenistic period
Seleucid Empire
(312–129 BC)
280 BC First Parni invasion of Margiana Seleucid Empire Parni Seleucid victory The military capabilities of the Parni had been weakened as a result of the Seleucid retaliation and victory.
248–246 BC Second Parni invasion of Margiana Seleucid Empire Parni Seleucid victory Despite the victory, the Seleucids once again failed to completely neutralize the Parni threat.
236–235 BC First Seleucid-Parthian war Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory that Seleucus was forced to acquiesce to Arsaces and leave Parthia to its devices
210–208 BC Second Seleucid-Parthian war Seleucid empire Parthian empire Seleucid victory Parthia becomes a vassal of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucids annex all of Parthia south of the Kopetdag mountain range
187–166 BC Third Seleucid–Parthian War Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Parthia gains independence from the Seleucids
165–138 BC Fourth Seleucid–Parthian War Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Parthia captures a large territory in the east and captures the Seleucid Emperor
148–129 BC Fifth Seleucid–Parthian War Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Decline of the Seleucids, and end of the Hellenistic rule in Iran
Byzantine Empire
(AD 440–628)
421–422 Byzantine-Sasanian War of 421–422 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory[1] Status quo ante bellum
440 Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Status quo ante bellum
  • Both empires agreed to battle northern nomads (Scythians).
502–506 Anastasian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Status quo ante bellum
  • Although Byzantium paid a very small amount of money, the Sassanians were forced to retreat without achieving the goals of the war, the tribute that the Persian king wanted to receive from the Romans was not paid
    Byzantine Empire creates a new line of fortifications contrary to the treaty of 422
526–532 Iberian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Sasanians retained Iberia,Byzantines retained Lazica
541–562 Lazic War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Sasanian victory Fifty-Year Peace Treaty
572–591 Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory Khosrow II restored to the Sasanian throne, Byzantine Empire get most of Sasanian Armenia and western half of Iberia
602–628 Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory Status quo ante bellum
  1. ^ Decker 2022, p. 234.
  2. ^ Greatrex 1991, p. 226.
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