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| Longqing Emperor 隆慶帝 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Palace portrait on a hanging scroll, kept in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 4 February 1567 – 5 July 1572 | ||||||||||||||||
| Enthronement | 4 February 1567 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Jiajing Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Wanli Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Prince of Yu | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | March 1539 – 23 January 1567 | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 4 March 1537[1] Jiajing 16, 23rd day of the 1st month (嘉靖十六年正月二十三日) | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 5 July 1572 (aged 35)[2][3] Longqing 6, 26th day of the 5th month (隆慶六年五月二十六日) | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||||||||||
| Consorts | |||||||||||||||||
| Issue Detail | Wanli Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
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| House | Zhu | ||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Ming | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Jiajing Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Xiaoke | ||||||||||||||||
The Longqing Emperor (simplified Chinese: 隆庆帝; traditional Chinese: 隆慶帝; pinyin: Lóngqìng Dì; 4 March 1537 – 5 July 1572), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Muzong of Ming (明穆宗), personal name Zhu Zaiji (朱載坖),[4][a] art name Shunzhai (舜齋),[5] was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty; he reigned from 1567 to 1572. He was initially known as the Prince of Yu (裕王) from 1539 to 1567 before he became the emperor. He succeeded his father, the Jiajing Emperor. "Longqing", the era name of his reign, means "great celebration".
After the death of the Jiajing Emperor, the new Longqing Emperor inherited a country in turmoil due to years of mismanagement and corruption. Recognizing the extent of the chaos caused during his father's lengthy reign, the emperor worked to restore order in the state administration. He reinstated talented officials who had been previously exiled and dismissed corrupt officials and Taoist priests who had surrounded Jiajing. Additionally, he lifted the ban on foreign trade, boosting the empire's economy, and reorganized the border troops to strengthen security on the inland and coastal borders. The seaports of Zhejiang and Fujian were fortified to defend against coastal pirates, who had been a constant nuisance during the previous government. The emperor also successfully repelled Altan Khan's Mongol army, which had breached the Great Wall and reached Beijing. A peace treaty was signed shortly after, allowing for the resumption of the exchange of horses for silk.
During the reign of the Longqing Emperor, like many previous Ming emperors, there was a heavy reliance on court eunuchs. One particular eunuch, Meng Cong (孟沖), who was supported by Grand Secretary Gao Gong, gained control over the inner court towards the end of the emperor's reign. Despite a promising start, the Longqing Emperor quickly neglected his duties as a ruler and instead focused on personal pleasures, much to the disappointment of his reform-minded advisors. The emperor also made contradictory decisions by re-employing Taoist priests, whom he had previously banned at the beginning of his reign.
- ^ a b c Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. 365.
- ^ Miller (2009), p. 28.
- ^ Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. vii.
- ^ 《明世宗實錄》卷二百：上命皇第三子名載坖，第四子名載圳。上親告太廟。《皇明詔令》卷二十一<立皇太子並封二王詔>：立朕元子載𡓝為皇太子，分封第二子載坖為裕王，第三子載圳為景王。《弇山堂別集》萬曆十八年金陵刻本：穆宗莊皇帝諱載坖。《名山藏》卷二十九<典謨記>：穆宗皇帝御諱載坖，世宗皇帝第三子也《罪惟錄》卷十二：嘉靖十六年丁酉春正月，皇第三子生，名載坖。《國朝獻徵錄》所載<陳以勤墓志銘>：乃生而命名，從元從土。若曰：首出九域。君意也。
- ^ (Ming) Shen Defu (沈德符). Compilation of Wanli era catastrophes (萬曆野獲編), Volume 1: "又云世宗號堯齋，其後穆宗號舜齋。"
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