Back هيبارين منخفض الوزن الجزيئي Arabic Heparina de baix pes molecular Catalan Heparina de bajo peso molecular Spanish هپارین با وزن مولکولی پایین Persian Héparine de bas poids moléculaire French Eparina a basso peso molecolare Italian 低分子量ヘパリン Japanese 저분자량 헤파린 Korean Lågmolekylært heparin NN Lavmolekylært heparin NB
 Nadroparin in prefilled syringe | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | 100% |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Molar mass | 4-6 kDa |
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant medications.[1] They are used in the prevention of blood clots and, in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), and the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Heparin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that inhibits coagulation, leading to thrombosis. Natural heparin consists of molecular chains of varying lengths or molecular weights. Chains of varying molecular weights, from 5000 to over 40,000 daltons, make up polydisperse pharmaceutical-grade heparin.[2] LMWHs, in contrast, consist of only short chains of polysaccharides. LMWHs are defined as heparin salts having an average molecular weight of less than 8000 Da and for which at least 60% of all chains have a molecular weight less than 8000 Da. Various methods of fractionation or depolymerization of polymeric heparin obtain these.
Heparin derived from natural sources, mainly porcine intestine or bovine lung, can be administered therapeutically to prevent thrombosis. However, the effects of natural or unfractionated heparin are more unpredictable than LMWH.[3]
- ^ Weitz JI (September 1997). "Low-molecular-weight heparins". The New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (10): 688–698. doi:10.1056/NEJM199709043371007. PMID 9278467. S2CID 28932857.
- ^ Linhardt RJ, Gunay NS (1999). "Production and chemical processing of low molecular weight heparins". Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 25 (Suppl 3): 5–16. PMID 10549711.
- ^ Garcia DA, Baglin TP, Weitz JI, Samama MM (February 2012). "Parenteral anticoagulants: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines". Chest. 141 (2 Suppl): e24S–e43S. doi:10.1378/chest.11-2291. PMC 3278070. PMID 22315264.