Madurese people

Madurese

أَوريڠ مادْوراْ "Oréng Mâdhurâ"
A portrait of Madurese village head.
Total population
7,179,356[1]
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia:
East Java	6,520,403
West Kalimantan	274,869
Jakarta	79,925
South Kalimantan	53,002
East Kalimantan	46,823
West Java	43,001
Central Kalimantan	42,668
Bali	29,864
Bangka Belitung	15,429
Central Java	12,920
Languages
Native: Madurese Indonesian Dialects: Standard Madurese Bangkalan Madurese Bawean Madurese Pamekasan Madurese Other: Javanese (Standard Javanese and Eastern Javanese)
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Austronesian peoples Javanese Kangeanese Sundanese

Madurese, Madurans, Madurites or Madurace (mUH-dOO-rUH; Madurese: أَوريڠ مادْوراْ, romanized: oréng Mâdhurâ; Javanese: ꦠꦾꦁ​ꦩꦼꦝꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀, romanized: tyang Mêdhuntên)^[2] are one of the Javan ethnic groups native to the Indonesian island of Madura in Java Sea, off the northeastern coast of Java. They speak their own native Madurese (with diverse varieties), sharing a common history, traditions, and cultural identity. Nationwide, the Madurese are the third-largest ethnic group in Indonesia, and one of the well-known Indonesian national dishes, Satay, is attributed to the Madurese as part of their culinary heritage.

There are about six million native Madurese living on their ancestral land, Madura Island, and around half a million residing in eastern Java, mainly in the regencies of Jember, Banyuwangi, and others. The Madurese population in Java forms a subgroup called the Pandalungan Madurese, who speak a blend of Javanese and Madurese.

The Madurese are not only known as the inventors of satay but also as the creators of the Karapan sapi bull race. The group have historically been pioneers of classical Islamic religious movements in Indonesia, with the Pondok Pesantren serving as a vital center for Madurese Muslims to study Islam, particularly Indonesian Islam. In addition to being merchants, the Madurese diaspora is traditionally known for farming and practicing the Pencak silat martial art. The Madurese men often work with their cultural Clurit sickles, wearing distinctive cultural clothing characterized by red and white stripes derived from the Majapahit naval flag (a historical eastern Javanese empire that once controlled Madura Island). Other colors like black, red, yellow, white, green, and blue are also considered cultural symbols, as seen in their traditional Madurese-style batik.