Exploitative type of social influence
In psychology , manipulation is defined as subterfuge designed to influence or control another, usually in an underhanded manner which facilitates one's personal aims.[ 1] Methods used to distort the individual's perception of reality may include seduction, suggestion, and blackmail to induce submission.[ 2] [ 3] Usage of the term varies depending on which behavior is specifically included, whether referring to the general population or used in clinical contexts.[ 4] Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others.[ 5]
Manipulative tendencies may derive from cluster B personality disorders such as narcissistic , antisocial personality disorder , and borderline personality disorder (usually by feigning distress or using flattery , gaslighting ,[ 6] emotional blackmail or love-bombing or seduction [ 6] to obtain affection or to avoid abandonment ).[ 7] Manipulation is also correlated with higher levels of dark empathy ,[ 8] emotional intelligence ,[ 9] [ 7] and is a chief component of the personality construct dubbed Machiavellianism .[ 10] [ 7]
^ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/manipulation [bare URL ]
^ "Manipulation" . APA Dictionary of Psychology . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association . n.d. Retrieved 10 October 2021 .{{cite encyclopedia }}
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^ Lynam, Donald R.; Vachon, David D. (2012). "Antisocial personality disorder in DSM-5: Missteps and missed opportunities" . Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment . 3 (4): 483–495. doi :10.1037/per0000006 . ISSN 1949-2723 . PMID 23106185 .
^ Potter NN (April 2006). "What is manipulative behavior, anyway?". Journal of Personality Disorders . 20 (2): 139–156. doi :10.1521/pedi.2006.20.2.139 . PMID 16643118 .
^ Brennan D. "Signs of Emotional Manipulation" . www.webmd.com . WebMD. Retrieved 23 November 2020 .
^ a b March E, Kay C, Dinić BM, et al. (23 June 2023). " "It's All in Your Head": Personality Traits and Gaslighting Tactics in Intimate Relationships" . Journal of Family Violence . doi :10.1007/s10896-023-00582-y .
^ a b c Bereczkei T (2018). Machiavellianism : the psychology of manipulation . Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-138-09328-7 . OCLC 991673448 . {{cite book }}
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^ "What is a Dark Empath?" . 9 February 2022.
^ Ngoc NN, Tuan NP, Takahashi Y (October 2020). "A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Manipulation" . SAGE Open . 10 (4): 215824402097161. doi :10.1177/2158244020971615 . ISSN 2158-2440 . S2CID 228806921 .
^ Leary MR, Hoyle RH (2009). Handbook of individual differences in social behavior . New York. pp. 93–108. ISBN 978-1-59385-647-2 . OCLC 286508643 . {{cite book }}
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