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Marnaviridae

Marnaviridae
Low-resolution image of a "Marnavirus" under electron microscope
Low-resolution image of a Marnavirus under electron microscope
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Marnaviridae
Genera[1]
Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of the Picornavirales RdRp amino acid sequences. https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/5/2/vez056/5692928
Phylogeny of environmental sequences of genera within the Marnaviridae. https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/5/2/vez056/5692928

Marnaviridae is a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses in the order Picornavirales that infect various photosynthetic marine protists.[2] Members of the family have non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids. Replication occurs in the cytoplasm and causes lysis of the host cell. The first species of this family that was isolated is Heterosigma akashiwo RNA virus (HaRNAV) in the genus Marnavirus,[3] which infects the toxic bloom-forming Raphidophyte alga, Heterosigma akashiwo.[4] As of 2021, there are twenty species across seven genera in this family, as well as many other related virus sequences discovered through metagenomic sequencing that are currently unclassified.[5]

Interactions between members of the Marnaviridae family and their hosts have notable significance in marine ecology, and are also relevant within the aquaculture industry. HaRNAV and viruses from Bacillarnavirus are known to have roles in regulating dynamics and composition of their hosts’ blooms.[6][7] An unclassified sequence, Baishivirus, has been suggested to be the possible pathogen of glass post-larvae disease, which is prevalent in shrimp aquaculture.[8] Viruses detected in a cultured prawn species that had been affected by growth retardation disease have also been placed in Marnaviridae.[9]

  1. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Marnaviridae - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011) - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 27 April 2017.[dead link]
  3. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  4. ^ Lang AS, Culley AI, Suttle CA (March 2004). "Genome sequence and characterization of a virus (HaRNAV) related to picorna-like viruses that infects the marine toxic bloom-forming alga Heterosigma akashiwo". Virology. 320 (2): 206–217. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2003.10.015. PMID 15016544.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lang_2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Tai V, Lawrence JE, Lang AS, Chan AM, Culley AI, Suttle CA (2003). "Characterization of HaRNAV, a single-stranded RNA virus causing lysis of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)". Journal of Phycology. 39 (2): 206–217. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.01162.x. S2CID 86464306.
  7. ^ Arsenieff L, Simon N, Rigaut-Jalabert F, Le Gall F, Chaffron S, Corre E, et al. (2019). "First Viruses Infecting the Marine Diatom Guinardia delicatula". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 3235. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03235. PMC 6334475. PMID 30687251.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Xu_2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zhou_2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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