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Herbert Marshall McLuhan CC (/məˈkluːən/, mə-KLOO-ən; July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian philosopher whose work is among the cornerstones of the study of media theory.[7][8][9][10] He studied at the University of Manitoba and the University of Cambridge. He began his teaching career as a professor of English at several universities in the United States and Canada before moving to the University of Toronto in 1946, where he remained for the rest of his life. He is known as the "father of media studies".[11][12]
McLuhan coined the expression "the medium is the message"[13] in the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man[14] and the term global village. He predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented.[15] He was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, though his influence began to wane in the early 1970s.[16] In the years following his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles.[17] However, with the arrival of the Internet and the World Wide Web, interest was renewed in his work and perspectives.[18][19][20]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Theall 2002, p. 252.
- ^ Kroker 1984, p. 73.
- ^ Strate 2012.
- ^ Marchessault 2005, p. 85; Silverman 2012, p. 214; Theall 2002, p. 252.
- ^ Marchessault 2005, p. 85; Theall 2002, p. 252.
- ^ "Hugh Kenner". The Telegraph. London. November 28, 2003. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ "Programming: Getting the Message". Time. 13 October 1967.
- ^ "Television: Dann v. Klein: The Best Game in Town". Time. 25 May 1970.
- ^ "Marshall McLuhan Archived 2020-06-27 at the Wayback Machine." Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. 2016.
- ^ Walker, John A. (2003). "McLuhan, (Herbert) Marshall". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T052928. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4.
- ^ Pressman, Jessica (2014). Digital Modernism: Making It New in New Media. Modernist literature & culture. New York: Oxford university press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-19-993710-3.
- ^ "MARSHALL MCLUHAN". AMA Toronto. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ^ McLuhan, Marshall (2015). Understanding media : the extensions of man. Gingko Press. ISBN 978-1-58423-073-1. OCLC 1031984262.[page needed]
- ^ McLuhan, Marshall (1975). Understanding media : the extension of man. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-1819-3. OCLC 466356265.[page needed]
- ^ Levinson 1999.
- ^ Plummer, Kevin (4 June 2011). "Historicist: Marshall McLuhan, Urban Activist". www.torontoist.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Stille, Alexander (14 October 2000). "Marshall McLuhan Is Back from the Dustbin of History; With the Internet, His Ideas Again Seem Ahead of Their Time". The New York Times. p. 9. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ Beale, Nigel (February 28, 2008). "Living in Marshall McLuhan's Galaxy". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
wired saintwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Boxer, Sarah (April 3, 2003). "McLuhan's Messages, Echoing on Iraq". Critic's Notebook. The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2011.