American vaccinologist (1919–2005)
Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was a leading American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines , an unparalleled record of productivity.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] According to one estimate, his vaccines save nearly eight million lives each year.[ 3] He has been described as one of the most influential vaccinologists ever.[ 2] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] He has been called the "father of modern vaccines".[ 11] [ 12] Robert Gallo called Hilleman "the most successful vaccinologist in history".[ 13] He has been noted by some researchers as having saved more lives than any other scientist in the 20th century.[ 14] [ 15]
Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in American vaccine schedules , Hilleman and his team developed eight: those for measles , mumps , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , chickenpox , Neisseria meningitidis , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria.[ 4] [ 7] During the influenza pandemic in Southern China , his vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives.[ 7] [ 15] [ 16] He also played a key role in developing the vaccine for the Hong Kong flu .[ 7] He also played a role in the discovery of antigenic shift and drift , the cold -producing adenoviruses , the hepatitis viruses, and the potentially cancer -causing virus SV40 .[ 3] [ 6] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19]
^ "About Dr. Hilleman" . hillemanfilm.com .
^ a b Newman, Laura (2005-04-30). "Maurice Hilleman" . BMJ: British Medical Journal . 330 (7498): 1028. doi :10.1136/bmj.330.7498.1028 . ISSN 0959-8138 . PMC 557162 .
^ a b c Dove, Alan (April 2005). "Maurice Hilleman" . Nature Medicine . 11 (4): S2. doi :10.1038/nm1223 . ISSN 1546-170X . PMID 15812484 . S2CID 13028372 .
^ a b Offit, Paul A. (2007). Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases . Washington, DC: Smithsonian. ISBN 978-0-06-122796-7 .
^ "Maurice Hilleman" . www.telegraph.co.uk . 14 April 2005. Retrieved 2023-04-04 .
^ a b c Cite error: The named reference :5
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^ a b c d Tulchinsky, Theodore H. (2018). "Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World" . Case Studies in Public Health : 443–470. doi :10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2 . ISBN 9780128045718 . PMC 7150172 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Maugh
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^ "Dr. Maurice Hilleman: "The father of modern vaccines" " . Merck.com . Archived from the original on 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2021-01-04 .
^ Levine, Myron M.; Gallo, Robert C. (2005). "A Tribute to Maurice Ralph Hilleman" . Human Vaccines . 1 (3): 93–94. doi :10.4161/hv.1.3.1967 . S2CID 71919247 .
^ "The Unknown (Vaccine) Hero: Dr. Maurice Hilleman | Immunize Nevada" . www.immunizenevada.org . Retrieved 2023-12-12 .
^ Winston-Macauley, Marnie (2022-11-20). "This Doctor Saved Tens of Millions of Lives, Yet Few Know his Name" . Aish.com . Retrieved 2023-12-12 .
^ II, Thomas H. Maugh (2005-04-13). "Maurice R. Hilleman, 85; Scientist Developed Many Vaccines That Saved Millions of Lives" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2023-12-13 .
^ Reed, Christopher (2005-04-14). "Maurice Hilleman" . The Guardian . ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-12-14 .
^ a b Simpson, J. Cavanaugh (2020-04-19). "The Man Who Beat the 1957 Flu Pandemic" . Scientific American Blog Network . Retrieved 2023-12-13 .
^ Offord, Catherine (2020-06-01). "Confronting a Pandemic, 1957" . The Scientist Magazine . Retrieved 2021-01-04 .
^ Kurth, Reinhard (April 2005). "Maurice R. Hilleman (1919–2005)" . Nature . 434 (7037): 1083. doi :10.1038/4341083a . ISSN 1476-4687 . PMID 15858560 . S2CID 26364385 .
^ Oransky, Ivan (2005-05-14). "Maurice R Hilleman" . The Lancet . 365 (9472): 1682. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66536-1 . ISSN 0140-6736 . PMID 15912596 . S2CID 46630955 .
^ Poulin, D. L.; Decaprio, J. A. (2006). "Is There a Role for SV40 in Human Cancer?". Journal of Clinical Oncology . 24 (26): 4356–65. doi :10.1200/JCO.2005.03.7101 . PMID 16963733 .