Back تزامن الحيض Arabic ঋতুস্ৰাৱৰ সমন্বয় Assamese Менструален синхрон Bulgarian Sincronia menstrual Catalan همزمانی قاعدگی Persian Synchronisation menstruelle French אפקט מקלינטוק HE Մենստրուալ սինխրոնիա Armenian Sinkronisasi menstruasi ID Менструальная синхронность Russian

Menstrual synchrony

Women's string figure depicting the "menstrual blood of three women", illustrating the Yolngu people's tribal mythology of menstrual synchrony[1]

Menstrual synchrony, also called the McClintock effect,[2] or the Wellesley effect,[3] is a contested process whereby women who begin living together in close proximity would experience their menstrual cycle onsets (the onset of menstruation or menses) becoming more synchronized together in time than when previously living apart. "For example, the distribution of onsets of seven female lifeguards was scattered at the beginning of the summer, but after 3 months spent together, the onset of all seven cycles fell within a 4-day period."[4]

Martha McClintock's 1971 paper, published in Nature, says that menstrual cycle synchronization happens when the menstrual cycle onsets of two or more women become closer together in time than they were several months earlier.[4]

After the initial studies, several papers were published reporting methodological flaws in studies reporting menstrual synchrony including McClintock's study. In addition, other studies were published that failed to find synchrony. The proposed mechanisms have also received scientific criticism. Reviews in 2006 and 2013 concluded that menstrual synchrony likely does not exist.[5][6][7][8]

  1. ^ Knight, C. (1995). Blood Relations: Menstruation and the Origins of Culture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 445. ISBN 9780300063080. Figure re-drawn after McCarthy, F. D. (1960). "The string figures of Yirrkalla". In Mountford, C. P. (ed.). Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition in Arnhem Land. Anthropology and Nutrition. Vol. 2. Melbourne University Press. pp. 415–513 [466].
  2. ^ Gosline, Anna (December 7, 2007). "Do Women Who Live Together Menstruate Together?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  3. ^ Sapolsky, Robert M. (2017). Behave : the biology of humans at our best and worst. New York, New York. p. 11. ISBN 9780735222786.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b McClintock, M. K. (1971). "Menstrual Synchrony and Suppression". Nature. 229 (5282): 244–5. Bibcode:1971Natur.229..244M. doi:10.1038/229244a0. PMID 4994256. S2CID 4267390.
  5. ^ Ziomkiewicz, Anna (2006). "Menstrual synchrony: Fact or artifact?". Human Nature. 17 (4): 419–32. doi:10.1007/s12110-006-1004-0. PMID 26181611. S2CID 40834364.
  6. ^ Yang, Zhengwei; Schank, Jeffrey C. (2006). "Women do not synchronize their menstrual cycles". Human Nature. 17 (4): 433–47. doi:10.1007/s12110-006-1005-z. PMID 26181612. S2CID 2316864.
  7. ^ Schrank, Jeffrey C. (2006). "Do human menstrual-cycle pheromones exist?". Human Nature. 17 (4): 448–70. doi:10.1007/s12110-006-1006-y. PMID 26181613. S2CID 14918247.
  8. ^ Harris, Amy L.; Vitzthum, Virginia J. (2013). "Darwin's Legacy: An Evolutionary View of Women's Reproductive and Sexual Functioning". Journal of Sex Research. 50 (3–4): 207–46. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.763085. PMID 23480070. S2CID 30229421.
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