Capital and largest city of Mexico
Capital and megacity in Mexico
Mexico City
Coat of arms
Government logo
Nickname(s): CDMX, La Ciudad de los Palacios (The City of Palaces)
Motto(s): Ciudad Innovadora y de Derechos (A City with Innovation and Rights)
Anthem: Himno de la Ciudad de México [ 1] Mexico City within Mexico
Mexico City (North America)
Show map of North America Coordinates: 19°26′N 99°8′W / 19.433°N 99.133°W / 19.433; -99.133 Country Mexico Founded
13 March 1325 (1325-03-13 ) :Mexico-Tenochtitlan [ 2]
13 August 1521 (1521-08-13 ) :Ciudad de México [ 3]
18 November 1824 (1824-11-18 ) :Distrito Federal [ 4]
29 January 2016 (2016-01-29 ) : Ciudad de México[ 5]
Founded by • Mayor Martí Batres (MORENA ) • Capital and megacity 1,485 km2 (573 sq mi) • Metro
7,866 km2 (3,037 sq mi) Ranked 32nd Elevation
2,240 m (7,350 ft) Highest elevation 3,930 m (12,890 ft) • Capital and megacity 9,209,944 • Rank 1st in North America1st in Mexico • Density 6,200/km2 (16,000/sq mi) • Rank 1st • Urban
23,146,802 • Metro
21,804,515 Demonyms Capitalino (a) Mexiqueño (a) (archaic) Chilango (a) (colloquial) • Capital and megacity MXN 4.3 trillionUS$ 212 billion (2021) • Metro area MXN 6.8 trillionUS$ 340 billion (2021)Time zone UTC−06:00 (CST )Postal code 00–16
Area code 55 /56 ISO 3166 code MX-CMX Patron Saint Philip of Jesus (Spanish: San Felipe de Jesús )HDI 0.837 Very High [ 10] Website www .cdmx .gob .mx (in Spanish) Official name Historic center of Mexico City , Xochimilco and Central University City Campus of the UNAM Type Cultural Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, v Designated 1987, 2007 (11th, 31st sessions ) Reference no. 412 , 1250 Region Latin America and the Caribbean
^ b. Area of Mexico City that includes non-urban areas at the south
Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México ,[ b] [ 11] locally [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈmexiko] ⓘ ; abbr.: CDMX ; Central Nahuatl : Mexihco Hueyaltepetl ,[ 12] Nahuatl pronunciation: [meːˈʃiʔko wejaːlˈtepeːt͡ɬ] ;[ 13] Otomi : 'Monda ) is the capital and largest city of Mexico , and the most populous city in North America .[ 14] [ 15] Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centers in the world.[ 16] It is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau , at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales , which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias .
The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944,[ 8] with a land area of 1,495 square kilometers (577 sq mi).[ 17] According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo , Brazil ), and the largest Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world.[ 18] Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world .[ 19] The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP.[ 20] If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America .[ 21]
Mexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people .[ c] The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan . It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán ,[ 22] and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City).[ 22] Mexico City played a major role in the Spanish colonial empire as a political, administrative, and financial center.[ 23] Following independence from Spain , the federal district was established in 1824.
After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election in 1997. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement ) have controlled both of them.[ 24] The city has several progressive policies,[ 25] [ 26] such as elective abortions ,[ 27] a limited form of euthanasia ,[ 28] no-fault divorce ,[ 29] same-sex marriage ,[ 30] and legal gender change .[ 31] On 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now officially known as Ciudad de México (or CDMX ), with a greater degree of autonomy.[ 32] [ 33] A clause in the Constitution of Mexico , however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as long it remains the capital of the country.[ 34]
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^ "Presenta gobierno capitalino Himno de la Ciudad de México, primero en la historia en ser compuesto por una mujer" . Secretariat of Culture of Mexico City (in Spanish). 20 June 2024. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024 .
^ "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores – México" . Sre.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011 .
^ "De la Colonia / 13 agosto de 1521: rendición de México-Tenochtitlan" . Redescolar.ilce.edu.mx. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011 .
^ "Conmemora la SecretarĂa de Cultura el 185 Aniversario del Decreto de CreaciĂłn del Distrito Federal" . Cultura.df.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011 .
^ Agren, David (29 January 2015). "Mexico City officially changes its name to – Mexico City" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2016 .
^ "Resumen" . Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2010 .
^ "Relieve" . Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2010 .
^ a b "Censo Población y Vivienda 2020" . inegi.org.mx (in Spanish). INEGI . 25 January 2021. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2021 .
^ Citibanamex (13 June 2023). "Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023 .
^ "Human Development Indices (5.0): Sub-national HDI" . Global Data Lab . Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2021 .
^ "México" in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas by Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language , Madrid: Santillana. 2005. ISBN 978-8-429-40623-8.
^ "IHUEYTLANAHUATIL MEXIHCO HUEYALTEPETL" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024 .
^ Maya : u noj kaajil México "U NOJ A'ALAMAJT'AANIL U NOJ KAAJIL MÉXICO" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024 .
^ "Artículo 44" (PDF) . Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2010 .
^ Agren, David (29 January 2016). "Mexico City officially changes its name to – Mexico City" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2016 .
^ "The 2008 Global Cities Index" . Foreign Policy . 2008. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2009 .
^ Blouet, Brian W.; Blouet, Olwyn M. (2009). OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009 . OECD Publishing. pp. 418, 299. ISBN 978-92-64-06012-8 .
^ United Nations (2019). "World Urbanization Prospects 2018" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2021 .
^ Global MetroMonitor | Brookings Institution Archived 5 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Brookings.edu. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
^ "Key Economic Facts and Figures" . Mexico City Experience . Archived from the original on 26 April 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010 .
^ Parish Flannery, Nathaniel (23 December 2013). "Mexico City Is Focusing on Tech Sector Development" . Forbes . Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2013 .
^ a b Government of the Federal District. "Historia de la Ciudad de México" [History of Mexico City]. df.gob.mx (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 December 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2009 .
^ United Nations. "Mexico City, Mexico" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2009 .
^ Daniel C. Schechter, Josephine Quintero. Lonely Planet Mexico City, City Guide [With Pullout Map] . Third Edition. Lonely Planet, 2008. p. 288 (pp. 20–21). ISBN 978-1-74059-182-9 .
^ Gallo, Rubén (6 April 2021). "A Chronicle of Mexico City and Its Multitudes" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ Lopez Torregrosa, Luisita (27 April 2017). "My Mexico City is everyone's now" . The Seattle Times . Mexico City. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ "Mexico's Quintana Roo state decriminalises abortion" . Al Jazeera . 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ Linares, Albinson (21 October 2021). "These people want to die. Will their countries allow euthanasia?" . NBC News . Telemundo . Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ Malkin, Elisabeth (21 July 2009). "Express Route to Divorce Has Familiar Delays" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ "Mexico City legalises same-sex marriage" . The Guardian . Associated Press . 22 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .
^ Hogue, Tom (25 June 2023). "Mexico City holds mass celebration for same-sex weddings, gender ID changes" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023 .
^ Richards, Tony (30 January 2016). "Federal District is now officially Mexico City: The change brings more autonomy for the country's capital" . Mexico News Daily . Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017 .
^ "From DF to CDMX, Mexico City changes name, status" . Inquirer News . Agence France-Presse. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022.
^ "La Ciudad de México no será estado, sino entidad federal autónoma" . Diario de México (in Spanish). 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016 .