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MicroLED

Not to be confused with LED-backlit LCD § Mini LED.
Gallium nitride microLEDs transferred onto a silicon backplane - these optimized for high speed data connections (from Avicena - www.avicena.tech)

MicroLED, also known as micro-LED, mLED or μLED is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Inorganic semiconductor microLED (μLED) technology[1][2][3][4] was first invented in 2000 by the research group of Hongxing Jiang and Jingyu Lin of Texas Tech University while they were at Kansas State University. The first high-resolution and video-capable InGaN microLED microdisplay in VGA format was realized in 2009 by Hongxing Jiang and Jingyu Lin and their colleagues at Texas Tech University and III-N Technology, Inc. via active driving of microLED array by a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) IC.[5] Compared to widespread LCD technology, microLED displays offer better contrast, response times, and energy efficiency.[6]

MicroLED offers greatly reduced energy requirements when compared to conventional LCD displays while also offering pixel-level light control and a high contrast ratio.[6][7] The inorganic nature of microLEDs gives them a longer lifetime advantage over OLEDs and allows them to display brighter images with minimal risk of screen burn-in.[6] The sub-nanosecond response time of μLED has a huge advantage over other display technologies for 3D/AR/VR displays since these devices need more images, more pixels per image, more frames per second and fast response.[6] MicroLEDs are capable of high speed modulation, and have been proposed for chip-to-chip interconnect applications.[8]

As of 2021, microLED displays have not been mass-produced, although Sony, Samsung, and Konka sell microLED video walls.[9][10][11][12][13][14] LG, Tianma, PlayNitride, TCL/CSoT, Jasper Display, Jade Bird Display, Plessey Semiconductors Ltd, and Ostendo Technologies, Inc. have demonstrated prototypes.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Sony already sells microLED displays as a replacement for conventional cinema screens.[23] BOE, Epistar, and Leyard have plans for microLED mass production.[24][25] MicroLED can be made flexible and transparent, just like OLEDs.[26][25]

According to a report by Market Research Future, the MicroLED display market will reach around USD 24.3 billion by 2027.[27] Custom Market Insights reported that the MicroLED display market is expected to reach around USD 182.7 Billion by 2032.[28]

  1. ^ US 6410940, Jiang, Hongxing; Lin, Jingyu & Jin, Sixuan et al., "Micro-size LED and detector arrays for mini-displays, hyperbright light emitting diodes, lighting, and UV detector and imaging sensor applications", assigned to Kansas State University Research Foundation 
  2. ^ Jin, S. X.; Li, J.; Li, J. Z.; Lin, J. Y.; Jiang, H. X. (2000-01-31). "GaN microdisk light emitting diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 76 (5). AIP Publishing: 631–633. Bibcode:2000ApPhL..76..631J. doi:10.1063/1.125841. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 12772013.
  3. ^ Jin, S. X.; Li, J.; Lin, J. Y.; Jiang, H. X. (2000-11-13). "InGaN/GaN quantum well interconnected microdisk light emitting diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 77 (20). AIP Publishing: 3236–3238. Bibcode:2000ApPhL..77.3236J. doi:10.1063/1.1326479. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 2062985.
  4. ^ Jiang, H. X.; Jin, S. X.; Li, J.; Shakya, J.; Lin, J. Y. (2001-02-26). "III-nitride blue microdisplays". Applied Physics Letters. 78 (9). AIP Publishing: 1303–1305. Bibcode:2001ApPhL..78.1303J. doi:10.1063/1.1351521. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 121580793.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d Micro LEDs. Hongxiang Jiang, Jingyu Lin. Cambridge, MA. 2021. ISBN 978-0-12-823063-3. OCLC 1256450564.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Lin, Jingyu; Jiang, Hongxing (2020-03-09). "Development of microLED". Applied Physics Letters. 116 (10): 100502. Bibcode:2020ApPhL.116j0502L. doi:10.1063/1.5145201. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 216297255.
  8. ^ Moore, Samuel (2023-01-01). "A Dark (Blue) Horse Emerges to Speed Up Computing". IEEE Spectrum. 60 (1): 30–31. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2023.10006658. S2CID 255418718.
  9. ^ "Konka launches tiled large microLED TV displays - with the 236" 8K display priced at $1.25 million | MicroLED-Info". www.microled-info.com.
  10. ^ "Eyes on Sony's CLED (Crystal LED) display technology: Samsung isn't the only player in the Micro LED game". TechHive. August 2, 2019.
  11. ^ "Samsung's Massive 292-Inch MicroLED TV Wall Now Shipping - ExtremeTech". www.extremetech.com.
  12. ^ Shilov, Anton. "Samsung's Micro LED Wall TVs Now Available: Up to 8K, Up to 292-Inches". www.anandtech.com.Sony creates colossal 16K screen in Japan. BBC. April 9, 2019.
  13. ^ "Samsung's Massive 292-Inch MicroLED TV Wall Now Shipping - ExtremeTech". www.extremetech.com. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  14. ^ ソニーの新LEDディスプレイ「CLEDIS」日本初披露。新たな大画面・高画質へ (in Japanese). Impress Corporation. June 16, 2016.
  15. ^ "About". JBD home.
  16. ^ "LG microLED TV sneaks into IFA, takes a swipe at Samsung". Digital Trends. 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  17. ^ "Tianma's Mini-LED HDR and Micro-LED Displays Named People's Choice Award Winners at Display Week 2019". news.thomasnet.com. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  18. ^ "See PlayNitride's latest flexible and transparent OLED prototypes". MicroLED-Info. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  19. ^ "CSoT demonstrates a 3.3" transparent Micro-LED prototype produced in collaboration with PlayNitride". MicroLED-Info. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ "Full Page Reload". IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
  22. ^ "Ostendo Develops First Vertically Integrated RGB LED". Insight Media: Display Intelligence. 5 February 2017. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  23. ^ "Sony's Crystal cinema display supports 16K, but could cost millions". Engadget. September 13, 2019.
  24. ^ "Epistar and Leyard Opto-Electronics to build a $142 million micro-LED and mini-LED production fab in China | MicroLED-Info". www.microled-info.com.
  25. ^ a b "Rohinni and BOE launch a micro-LED JV called BOE Pixey, first products to reach the market by the end of 2020 | MicroLED-Info". www.microled-info.com.
  26. ^ "See PlayNitride's latest flexible and transparent MicroLED prototypes | MicroLED-Info". www.microled-info.com.
  27. ^ "Micro-LED Display Market" (Press release). 12 January 2022.
  28. ^ "[Latest] Global Micro-LED Display Market Size/Share Worth USD 182.7 Billion by 2032 at a 58.1% CAGR: Custom Market Insights (Analysis, Outlook, Leaders, Report, Trends, Forecast, Segmentation, Growth, Growth Rate, Value)". Yahoo Finance. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
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