Molokans, a Spiritual Christian group originating in Russia, have had a presence in Armenia since the 19th century. Tsarist authorities began resettling Russian sectarians to the Caucasus in 1802, and by the mid 19th century there was a significant Molokan presence in Armenia. They founded numerous villages in the Lori region, and supported the establishment of the Soviet Union in the revolutionary period. In the 20th century during collectivization, many Molokans migrated to cities. As of 2022, there are 2,000 Molokans in Armenia.
Molokans have a communal identity and practice endogamy. The Molokan community in Armenia is the most active of the Russian sectarian communities in the Caucasus.