Murmansk
Мурманск | |
---|---|
Other transcription(s) | |
• Kildin Sami | Мурман ланнҍ |
• Northern Sami | Murmánska |
• Skolt Sami | Muurman[2] |
![]() Murmansk skyline | |
Coordinates: 68°58′14″N 33°04′30″E / 68.97056°N 33.07500°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Murmansk Oblast[1] |
Official foundation date (see text) | October 4, 1916[3] |
City status since | July 19, 1916[3] |
Government | |
• Body | Council of Deputies |
• Head/Mayor | Dmitry Filippov (Head) Evgeniy Nikora (Mayor) |
Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
• Rank | 61st in 2010 |
• Subordinated to | City of Murmansk[1] |
• Capital of | Murmansk Oblast,[1] City of Murmansk[1] |
• Urban okrug | Murmansk Urban Okrug[4] |
• Capital of | Murmansk Urban Okrug[4] |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ![]() |
Postal code(s)[6] | 183000–183099 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 8152 |
OKTMO ID | 47701000001 |
City Day | October 4[7] |
Website | citymurmansk |
Murmansk (Russian: Мурманск; Kildin Sami: Мурман ланнҍ; Skolt Sami: Muurman[2] and Northern Sami: Murmánska) is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia. It sits on both slopes and banks of a modest ria or fjord, Kola Bay, an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea, with its bulk on the east bank of the inlet. It is in the north of the rounded Kola Peninsula which covers most of the oblast. The city is 108 kilometres (67 mi) from the border with Norway and 182 kilometres (113 mi) from the border with Finland.
Benefiting from the North Atlantic Current, Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia, with highway and railway access to the rest of Europe, and the northernmost trolleybus system on Earth. It lies over 2° north of the Arctic Circle. Its connectivity contrasts with the isolation of Arctic ports like the Siberian Dikson on the shores of the Kara Sea, and Iqaluit, in the Canadian Arctic. Despite long, snowy winters, Murmansk's climate is moderated by the generally ice-free waters around it.
Although there was a building boom in the early twentieth century's arms races, Murmansk's population has been in decline since the Cold War, from 468,039 (1989 Soviet census);[10] 336,137 (2002 Census);[11] 307,257 (2010 Russian census);[12] to 270,384 (2021 Census).[13] It remains the world's largest city north of the Arctic Circle, with over 100,000 more inhabitants than Norilsk, Russia, and is a major port of the Arctic Ocean.[14]
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