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Nitromethane

Not to be confused with methyl nitrate or methyl nitrite.
Nitromethane
Structural formula of nitromethane
Structural formula of nitromethane
Nitromethane
Nitromethane
Names
IUPAC name
Nitromethane
Preferred IUPAC name
Nitromethane[1]
Other names
Nitrocarbol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.797 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
RTECS number
  • PA9800000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3 checkY
    Key: LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3
    Key: LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYAW
  • C[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
CH3NO2
Molar mass 61.04 g/mol
Appearance colorless, oily liquid[2]
Odor Light, fruity[2]
Density 1.1371 g/cm3 (20 °C)[3]
Melting point −28.7 °C (−19.7 °F; 244.5 K)[3]
Boiling point 101.2 °C (214.2 °F; 374.3 K)[3]
Critical point (T, P) 588 K, 6.0 MPa[4]
ca. 10 g/100 mL
Solubility miscible in diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol[3]
Vapor pressure 28 mmHg (20 °C)[2]
Acidity (pKa)
-21.0·10−6 cm3/mol[7]
Thermal conductivity 0.204 W/(m·K) at 25 °C[8]
1.3817 (20 °C)[3]
Viscosity 0.63 cP at 25 °C[8]
3.46[9]
Thermochemistry[10]
106.6 J/(mol·K)
171.8 J/(mol·K)
-112.6 kJ/mol
-14.4 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, health hazard
GHS labelling:
GHS01: Explosive GHS02: Flammable GHS06: Toxic GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H203, H226, H301, H331, H351
P210, P261, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
3
3
Flash point 35[9] °C (95 °F; 308 K)
418[9] °C (784 °F; 691 K)
Explosive limits 7–22%[9]
20 ppm[9]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
940 mg/kg (oral, rat)
950 mg/kg (oral, mouse)[11]
750 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
125 mg/kg (dog, oral)[11]
7087 ppm (mouse, 2 h)
1000 ppm (monkey)
2500 ppm (rabbit, 12 h)
5000 ppm (rabbit, 6 h)[11]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 none[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 750 ppm[2]
Related compounds
nitroethane
Related compounds
 methyl nitrite
methyl nitrate
Supplementary data page
Nitromethane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH
3NO
2. It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings.[12] Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.

  1. ^ "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 662. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 (inactive 2024-04-14). ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0457". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ a b c d e Haynes, p. 3.414
  4. ^ Haynes, p. 6.69
  5. ^ Haynes, p. 5.94
  6. ^ Reich, Hans. "Bordwell pKa table: "Nitroalkanes"". University of Wisconsin Chemistry Department. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  7. ^ Haynes, p. 3.576
  8. ^ a b Haynes, p. 6.231
  9. ^ a b c d e Haynes, p. 15.19
  10. ^ Haynes, p. 5.20
  11. ^ a b c "Nitromethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Markofsky was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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